綠

See also: 绿 and 緑

Translingual

Traditional	綠
Shinjitai	緑
Simplified	绿

Han character

綠 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火女弓水 (VFVNE), four-corner 2793₂, composition ⿰糹彔)

Descendants

• 緑 绿

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 926, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27541
• Dae Jaweon: page 1363, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 5, page 3422, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7DA0

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Chinese

trad.		綠
simp.		绿
alternative forms		緑／绿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 綠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (彔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
剝	*proːɡ
龣	*kroːɡ, *roːɡ
祿	*roːɡ
淥	*roːɡ, *roɡ
睩	*roːɡ
琭	*roːɡ
箓	*roːɡ
碌	*roːɡ, *roɡ
盝	*roːɡ
娽	*roːɡ, *roɡ
彔	*b·roːɡ
趢	*roːɡ, *roɡ
簶	*roːɡ
綠	*roɡ
逯	*roɡ
錄	*roɡ
醁	*roɡ
騄	*roɡ
菉	*roɡ
籙	*roɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).

Etymology

Starostin derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwak (“leaf”), and cites Tibetan ཁྲོག་པོ (khrog po, “botanical term used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately”), Burmese ရွက် (rwak), အရွက် (a.rwak, “leaf”) as cognates. Compare also Kinnauri rāgʻ (“blue, green”).

Cognate with 菉 (“name of a plant of uncertain species”). In modern times this character gave rise to 氯 (“chlorine”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǜ, lù (lü⁴, lu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˋ, ㄌㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): luk⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liu̍k

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liug⁶

• Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̀
• Eastern Min (BUC): liŏh / lṳ̆k
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k / lio̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lêg⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵loq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, vernacular)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǜ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lyù
    • Wade–Giles: lü⁴
    • Yale: lyù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liuh
    • Palladius: люй (ljuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lù
    • Wade–Giles: lu⁴
    • Yale: lù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
    • Palladius: лу (lu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/

Note: lù - literary reading preserved in certain proper nouns (鴨綠江, 綠林, 綠營).

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: luk⁶
    • Yale: luhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: liug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯uk̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /liʊk̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̀
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁴²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liŏh / lṳ̆k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoʔ⁵/, /l̃yʔ⁵/

Note:

• liŏh - vernacular;
• lṳ̆k - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Penang, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lek
    • IPA (Lukang): /liɪk̚³⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Singapore): /lek̚⁴³/
    • IPA (Penang): /lek̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /liɪk̚⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Yilan): /liɪk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɔk̚⁴/

Note:

• le̍k/lia̍k - vernacular;
• lio̍k - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lêg⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: le̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lek̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵loq
    • MiniDict: 'loh^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²'loq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ³⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 綠
Mandarin	Beijing	/ly⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ly⁵³/
	Tianjin	/luei⁵³/ /ly⁵³/
	Jinan	/ly²¹/
	Qingdao	/ly⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ly²⁴/ /ly⁴²/
	Xi'an	/liou²¹/
	Xining	/liɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lu¹³/ /ly¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ly²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nu³¹/
	Guiyang	/nu²¹/
	Kunming	/lu³¹/
	Nanjing	/luʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/luəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/luʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/luəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/loʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/loʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/loʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/lo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/lu²²/
	Tunxi	/liu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ləu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/nəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liuk̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/liuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lok̚²/
	Nanning	/luk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/luk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liɔk̚⁵/ /lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/luoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ly⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lok̚⁵/ /liak̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: ljowk

Rime
Character	綠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力玉切
Baxter	ljowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/liok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/liok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luawk̚/
Li Rong	/liok̚/
Wang Li	/lĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	luk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə.rok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*roɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǜ
Middle Chinese	‹ ljowk ›
Old Chinese	/*pə.rok/
English	light blue or green
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綠
Reading #	1/1
No.	8554
Phonetic component	录
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	録
Old Chinese	/*roɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 綠

1. green

   綠色／绿色  ―  lǜsè  ―  green (color)

2. to become green
3. healthy; environmentally friendly; green

   綠建築／绿建筑  ―  lǜjiànzhù  ―  green building

   綠住宅／绿住宅  ―  lǜzhùzhái  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. green leaves
5. green field
6. Original form of 籙.
7. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 菉 (lù, “name of a plant”).
8. (symbolic) Islam(ic); Muslim

   綠教／绿教  ―  lǜjiào  ―  (slang) Islam

9. (politics) related to the pro-independence pan-Green coalition of Taiwan
10. a surname

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	緑
Kyūjitai	綠

Kanji

綠

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 緑)

1. the color green

Readings

• On (unclassified): りょく (ryoku); ろく (roku)
• Kun: みどり (midori, 綠)
• Nanori: みどり (midori)

Etymology

For names, this 旧字体 (kyūjitai, literally “old form”) of the kanji may still be used. For all other uses, see the 緑 entry.

Proper noun

綠(みどり) or 綠(proper) • (midori or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|みとり]]

1. a female given name.

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Korean

Hanja

綠 • (rok>nok) (hangeul 록>녹, McCune–Reischauer rok>nok, Yale lok>nok)

1. blue, green

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 綠 (lục, luốc)

1. green

References

• Nom Foundation