綱

See also: 纲

Translingual

Han character

綱 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火月廿山 (VFBTU), four-corner 2792₀, composition ⿰糹岡)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 927, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27576
• Dae Jaweon: page 1364, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3414, character 5
• Unihan data for U+7DB1

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Chinese

trad.		綱
simp.		纲

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gang
    • Wade–Giles: kang¹
    • Yale: gāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
    • Palladius: ган (gan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gong¹
    • Yale: gōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong / kang
    • Tâi-lô: kong / kang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofng, kafng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/, /kaŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: kang

Rime
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Baxter	kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁaŋ/
English	guiding rope of net
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
No.	3716
Phonetic component	岡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 綱

1. guiding principle
2. essential part, key part
3. program, outline
4. (taxonomy) class
5. (archaic) headrope, main rope of a fishing net

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Japanese

Kanji

綱

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: つな (tsuna, 綱, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
綱
つな Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Proto-Japonic *tuna.

Noun

綱(つな) • (tsuna) 

1. rope
2. tsuna; ceremonial sumo belt

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Korean

Hanja

綱 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Okinawan

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuna, from Proto-Japonic *tuna. Cognate with Japanese 綱 (つな, tsuna).

Kanji

綱

• Kun: ちな (china)

Noun

綱 (hiragana ちな, romaji china)

1. rope

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 綱 (cương, cáng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.