菌

菌 U+2F9A2, 菌 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A2 ← 菊 [U+2F9A1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 菜 → [U+2F9A3]

Translingual

Han character

菌 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿田竹木 (TWHD), four-corner 4460₀, composition ⿱艹囷)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1037, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31156
• Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3234, character 9
• Unihan data for U+83CC

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Chinese

trad.		菌
simp. #		菌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (囷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
菌	*ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ
麇	*krun
麕	*krun
囷	*kʰrun, *ɡrun
箘	*kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
攈	*kuns

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(i/u)n (“mushroom; fungus”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jūn, jùn, jǔn (jun¹, jun⁴, jun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ, ㄐㄩㄣˋ, ㄐㄩㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khún

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
    • Wade–Giles: chün¹
    • Yale: jyūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
    • Wade–Giles: chün⁴
    • Yale: jyùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
      
  • (nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔn
    • Wade–Giles: chün³
    • Yale: jyǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeun
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwan²
    • Yale: kwán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 菌

1. general term for various kinds of organisms, including bacteria (細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)), fungus (真菌 (zhēnjūn)), etc.

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jùn (jun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khún

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
    • Wade–Giles: chün⁴
    • Yale: jyùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwan²
    • Yale: kwán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: gwinX, gjwonX

Rime
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (45)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	渠殞切	求晚切
Baxter	gwinX	gjwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪnX/	/ɡʉɐnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚinX/	/ɡʷiɐnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuenX/	/ɡiuɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjinX/	/guanX/
Li Rong	/ɡjuĕnX/	/ɡiuɐnX/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕnX/	/ɡĭwɐnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕnX/	/gi̯wɐnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jùn	juàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan6	gyun6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]runʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡonʔ/, /*ɡrunʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	菌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jùn
Middle Chinese	‹ gwinX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]runʔ/
English	mushroom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10746	10752
Phonetic component	囷	囷
Rime group	元	文
Rime subdivision	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	𧯦	窘
Old Chinese	/*ɡonʔ/	/*ɡrunʔ/
Notes		原列軫韻

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 菌

1. mushroom
2. a surname

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Japanese

Kanji

菌

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)←くゐん (kwin, ancient)}
• Kun: きのこ (kinoko, 菌)

Compounds

• 細菌(さいきん) (saikin): bacterium, germ
• 納豆菌(なっとうきん) (nattō kin): Bacillus subtilis var. natto

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Korean

Hanja

菌 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 菌 (khuẩn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.