証

See also: 证 and 證

Translingual

Traditional	證
Shinjitai	証
Simplified	证

Han character

証 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一卜一 (YRMYM), four-corner 0161₁, composition ⿰言正)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1152, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35341
• Dae Jaweon: page 1619, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3951, character 17
• Unihan data for U+8A3C

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (正) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
綻	*rdeːns
淀	*deːns
靛	*deːns
症	*tjɯŋs
竀	*rtʰeːŋ, *tʰeŋ
征	*tjeŋ
怔	*tjeŋ
正	*tjeŋ, *tjeŋs
鉦	*tjeŋ
鴊	*tjeŋ, *tjeŋs
眐	*tjeŋ
佂	*tjeŋ
整	*tjeŋʔ
政	*tjeŋs
証	*tjeŋs
定	*teːŋs, *deːŋs
顁	*teːŋs
錠	*teːŋs, *deːŋʔ, *deːŋs
掟	*deːŋs

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 証 – see 證 (“to prove; to testify; to verify; proof; evidence; etc.”). (This character is the former (1969–1976) Singaporean simplified and variant form of 證).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

trad.		証
simp.		证*

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhèng (zheng⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chèng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhèng
    • Wade–Giles: chêng⁴
    • Yale: jèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenq
    • Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zing³
    • Yale: jing
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing³
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng
    • Tâi-lô: tsìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyengH

Rime
Character	証
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之盛切
Baxter	tsyengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciajŋH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*teŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	証
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyengH ›
Old Chinese	/*teŋ-s/
English	remonstrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	証
Reading #	1/1
No.	17179
Phonetic component	正
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	政
Old Chinese	/*tjeŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 証

1. (literary) to admonish

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03806

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Japanese

Shinjitai	証
Kyūjitai	證

Kanji

証

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 證)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō); せい (sei)
• Kun: あかし (akashi, 証し); あかし (akashi, 証)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
証
あかし Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
證 (kyūjitai)

Verbal noun of 明(あ)かす (akasu).

Noun

証(あかし) • (akashi) 

1. proof, evidence, testimony

   友情(ゆうじょう)の証(あかし)

   yūjō no akashi

   symbol of friendship

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
証
しょう Grade: 5
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
證 (kyūjitai)

Noun

証(しょう) • (shō) 

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Korean

Hanja

証 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 証 (chứng, chống, chững, chừng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.