برج

See also: ترخ, ترح, and ترج

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /burd͡ʒ/

Noun

بُرْج • (burj) m (dual بُرْجَان (burjān), plural بُرُوج (burūj) or أَبْرَاج (ʔabrāj))

1. castle
2. citadel
3. tower

   بُرْج خَلِيفَة (burj ḵalīfa, “Khalifa Tower”) (dialect: borǰ khalīfa), initially named بُرْج دُبَيّ (burj dubayy, “Dubai Tower”).

4. constellation

   609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:176:

   تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجًا وَقَمَرًا مُنِيرًا

   tabāraka llaḏī jaʕala fī s-samāʔi burūjan wajaʕala fīhā sirājan waqamaran munīran

   Blessed is He who has placed in the sky great stars and placed therein a [burning] lamp and luminous moon.

5. spire
6. asterism
7. zodiac
8. sign of the zodiac

Declension

Declension of noun بُرْج (burj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرْج burj	الْبُرْج al-burj	بُرْج burj
Nominative	بُرْجٌ burjun	الْبُرْجُ al-burju	بُرْجُ burju
Accusative	بُرْجًا burjan	الْبُرْجَ al-burja	بُرْجَ burja
Genitive	بُرْجٍ burjin	الْبُرْجِ al-burji	بُرْجِ burji
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرْجَيْن burjayn	الْبُرْجَيْن al-burjayn	بُرْجَيْ burjay
Nominative	بُرْجَانِ burjāni	الْبُرْجَانِ al-burjāni	بُرْجَا burjā
Accusative	بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni	الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni	بُرْجَيْ burjay
Genitive	بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni	الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni	بُرْجَيْ burjay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُرُوج‎; أَبْرَاج burūj‎; ʔabrāj	الْبُرُوج‎; الْأَبْرَاج al-burūj‎; al-ʔabrāj	بُرُوج‎; أَبْرَاج burūj‎; ʔabrāj
Nominative	بُرُوجٌ‎; أَبْرَاجٌ burūjun‎; ʔabrājun	الْبُرُوجُ‎; الْأَبْرَاجُ al-burūju‎; al-ʔabrāju	بُرُوجُ‎; أَبْرَاجُ burūju‎; ʔabrāju
Accusative	بُرُوجًا‎; أَبْرَاجًا burūjan‎; ʔabrājan	الْبُرُوجَ‎; الْأَبْرَاجَ al-burūja‎; al-ʔabrāja	بُرُوجَ‎; أَبْرَاجَ burūja‎; ʔabrāja
Genitive	بُرُوجٍ‎; أَبْرَاجٍ burūjin‎; ʔabrājin	الْبُرُوجِ‎; الْأَبْرَاجِ al-burūji‎; al-ʔabrāji	بُرُوجِ‎; أَبْرَاجِ burūji‎; ʔabrāji

Synonyms

• حِصْن (ḥiṣn)
• قَلْعَة (qalʕa), قِلْعَة (qilʕa)
• مَعْقِل (maʕqil)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: бүрҹ / bürc / بۆرج
• → Bengali: বুরুজ (buruj)
• Georgian: ბურჯი (burǯi)
• Gujarati: બુરજ (buraj)
• Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)
• Northern Kurdish: birc, برج (birc)
• Malay: buruj

• Maltese: borġ
• Middle Armenian: պուրճ (purč), պուրջ (purǰ), բուրջ (burǰ)
• Ottoman Turkish: برج (burc)
  • Turkish: burç, burc
• Persian: برج (borj)
• Punjabi: ਬੁਰਜ (buraj) / برج (burj)
• Rajasthani: बुरज (burj)
• Tajik: бурҷ (burj)
• Urdu: برج (burj)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.ri.d͡ʒa/

Verb

1. to be or become apparent, manifest or conspicuous, and high or elevated
2. to have large, beautiful eyes where the white entirely surrounds the black
3. (of one's condition) to become ample in respect of eating and drinking

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.rad͡ʒ/

Noun

بَرَج • (baraj) m

1. verbal noun of بَرِجَ (barija) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun بَرَج (baraj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَرَج baraj	الْبَرَج al-baraj	بَرَج baraj
Nominative	بَرَجٌ barajun	الْبَرَجُ al-baraju	بَرَجُ baraju
Accusative	بَرَجًا barajan	الْبَرَجَ al-baraja	بَرَجَ baraja
Genitive	بَرَجٍ barajin	الْبَرَجِ al-baraji	بَرَجِ baraji

References

• Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “برج”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 118
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “برج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 64b
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “برج”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 103
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “برج”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 105–106
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “برج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 180
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “برج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 63

---

Azerbaijani

Noun

برج (bürc)

1. Alternative spelling of بۆرج

---

Central Kurdish

Alternative forms

• بورج (burc)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Noun

بِرج (birc)

1. tower
2. zodiac

---

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Noun

برج • (burc)

1. tower
2. constellation
3. zodiac
4. sign of the zodiac

Descendants

• Turkish: burç

---

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian برج.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brad͡ʒ/

Noun

برج • (braj) m (plural برجونه (brajuna))

1. tower

Declension

declension of برج

	singular		plural
direct	برج (braj)		برجونه (brajuna)
oblique	برج (braj)		برجونو (brajuno)
vocative	برجه (braja)		برجونو (brajuno)

---

Persian

Etymology

Arabicized form of Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Noun

برج • (borj) (plural برج‌ها (borj-hâ) or بروج)

Dari	برج
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бурҷ

1. steeple
2. tower
3. pylon
4. column
5. peel, keep
6. fort, castle
7. pinnacle
8. dovecote
9. star
10. constellation
11. zodiac
12. sign of the zodiac

Derived terms

• برجی (borji)

Descendants

• → Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)

---

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Noun

بُرج • (burj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬੁਰਜ)

1. bastion
2. tower
3. turret
4. constellation
5. sign of the zodiac

---

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ب ر ج
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic بُرْج (burj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /burʒ/, [bʊrʒ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

برج • (burj) m (plural أبراج (ʔabrāj))

1. tower
2. zodiac sign

See also

Signs of the Zodiac · الأبراج (il-ʔabrāj)
الحمل (il-ḥamal, “Aries”)	التور (it-tōr, “Taurus”)	الجوزاء (il-jōzāʔ, “Gemini”)	السرطان (is-saraṭān, “Cancer”)
الأسد (il-ʔasad, “Leo”)	العذراء (il-ʕazrāʔ, “Virgo”)	الميزان (il-mīzān, “Libra”)	العقرب (il-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”)
القوس (il-ʔōs, “Sagittarius”)	الجدي (il-jidi, “Capricorn”)	الدلو (id-dalu, “Aquarius”)	الحوت (il-ḥūt, “Pisces”)

---

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ‎ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز‎ (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Noun

برج • (burj) m (Hindi spelling बुर्ज)

1. bastion
2. tower
3. turret
4. constellation
5. sign of the zodiac