苫

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苫 U+82EB, 苫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82EB
← 苪
[U+82EA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 苬 →
[U+82EC]

Translingual

Han character

苫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜口 (TYR), four-corner 44601, composition ⿱艹占)

  1. rush or straw matting

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30802
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3189, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+82EB

Chinese

trad. 苫
simp. # 苫

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 失廉切 舒贍切
Baxter syem syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiᴇm/ /ɕiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjæm/ /ɕjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕiam/ /ɕiamH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭɛm/ /ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ɛm/ /ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shān shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sim1 sim3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shān shàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syem › ‹ syemH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.tem/ /*s-tem-s/
English thatch thatch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16710 16712
Phonetic
component 		占 占
Rime
group 		談 談
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		苫 閃
Old
Chinese 		/*hljem/ /*hljems/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 苫

  1. to cover with a straw mat, tarpaulin, etc.

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 失廉切 舒贍切
Baxter syem syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiᴇm/ /ɕiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjæm/ /ɕjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕiam/ /ɕiamH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭɛm/ /ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ɛm/ /ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shān shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sim1 sim3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shān shàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syem › ‹ syemH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.tem/ /*s-tem-s/
English thatch thatch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16710 16712
Phonetic
component 		占 占
Rime
group 		談 談
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		苫 閃
Old
Chinese 		/*hljem/ /*hljems/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 苫

  1. straw mat

Japanese

Kanji

苫

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. woven mat

Readings

  • Go-on: せん (sen)←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)
  • Kan-on: せん (sen)←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)
  • Kun: とま (toma, 苫)

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
苫
とま
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Etymology 1

⟨to2ma⟩ → */təma/ → /toma/

Likely from Old Japanese.

Possibly derived from the verb 泊(と)まる (tomaru, “to stay”), or from 止(と)まる (tomaru, “to stop”), in reference to thatched roofs under which boats or people stay, or which stop falling rain. Other suggested sources include 鳥羽(とは) (toha, “bird's wing; feather”) or 戸(と) (to, “door; house”) + 衣(も) (mo, “clothing; covering”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

苫(とま) • (toma) 

  1. a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
  2. (historical) in the Edo period, a kimono worn by carpenters

Derived terms

Derived terms

Proper noun

苫(とま) • (Toma) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
苫
とば
Hyōgai
irregular

Nasal /-m-/ → plosive /-b-/ variant of toma above.

Noun

苫(とば) • (toba) 

  1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
  2. (rare) a kimono
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
苫
のま
Hyōgai
irregular

Attested in the Iroha Jiruishō (c. 12th century).

Plosive /t-/ → nasal /n-/ variant of toma above.

Contemporary attestation in the Tōhoku and Hokuriku regions of northern Japan.[3]

Noun

苫(のま) • (noma) 

  1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:languages/errorGetBy at line 16: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the parameter "1"; the value "2011" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages).
  3. ^ 1989, 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

苫 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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