crust

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English

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Etymology

Borrowed from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”) via Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)

Pronunciation

Noun

crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)

  1. A more solid, dense or hard layer on a surface or boundary.
  2. The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc.
  3. An outer layer composed of pastry
    • (Can we date this quote by Dryden and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      Th' impenetrable crust thy teeth defies.
    • (Can we date this quote by Macaulay and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      They […] made the crust for the venison pasty.
  4. The bread-like base of a pizza.
  5. (geology) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth.
  6. The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.
  7. (uncountable, informal) Nerve, gall.
    You've got a lot of crust standing there saying that.
    • 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVIII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:
      “Oh?” she said. “So you have decided to revise my guest list for me? You have the nerve, the – the –” I saw she needed helping out. “Audacity,” I said, throwing her the line. “The audacity to dictate to me who I shall have in my house.” It should have been “whom”, but I let it go. “You have the –” “Crust.” “– the immortal rind,” she amended, and I had to admit it was stronger, “to tell me whom” – she got it right that time – “I may entertain at Brinkley Court and who” – wrong again – “I may not.”
  8. (music) Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)
  9. (British, informal) A living.
    Synonyms: daily bread, income, livelihood
    to earn one's crust
    • 1999, Norman Longworth, Making Lifelong Learning Work: Learning Cities for a Learning Century, Psychology Press (→ISBN), page 1:
      Like most of us, I am frequently asked by friends and people I meet in business situations or round the dinner table what I do to earn my crust.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

crust (third-person singular simple present crusts, present participle crusting, simple past and past participle crusted)

  1. (transitive) To cover with a crust.
    • (Can we date this quote by Boyle and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      The whole body is crusted over with ice.
    • (Can we date this quote by Felton and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the rock.
  2. (intransitive) To form a crust.

Translations

Anagrams

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