finir

See also: finîr

Catalan

Etymology

From , from Latin fīnīre (influenced in conjugation by Vulgar Latin *fīniscō), present active infinitive of fīniō, from fīnis (“boundary, limit”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [fiˈni]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [fiˈniɾ]

Verb

finir (first-person singular present fineixo, first-person singular preterite finí, past participle finit)

1. to end, finish, conclude

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Franco-Provençal

Etymology

From Latin fīniō, fīnīre and Vulgar Latin *fīniscō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /finiʁ/

Verb

finir

1. to finish, end, complete

Conjugation

    Conjugation of finir

		simple			compound
infinitive		finir			avêr fini
gerund		finessent			èyent fini
auxiliary verb		avêr
past participle		masculine			feminine
	singular	fini			[Term?]
	plural	[Term?]			[Term?]
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		jo (j')	tu (t')	il/elli	nos	vos	ils
	present	finésso	finés	finét	finéssens	finésséds	finéssont
	imperfect	finéssien	finéssias	finéssiêt	finéssians	finéssiâds	finéssiant
	preterite	fini	finis	finit	finirons	finites, finirâds	finiront
	future	finiré	finirés	finirat	finirens	finiréds	finiront
	conditional	finiren	finirias	finirêt	finirians	finiriâds	finiriant
compound tenses	present perfect	present indicative of avêr + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avêr + past participle
	past anterior	preterite indicative of avêr + past participle
	future perfect	future indicative of avêr + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avêr + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j')	que te (t')	qu'il/el	que nos	que vos	qu'ils/els
	present	finésso	finésses	finésse	finéssans	finéssiâds	finéssant
	imperfect	finissen	finissias	finisse	finissians	finissiâds	finissant
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avêr + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avêr + past participle
imperative		—	te	—	nos	vos	—
			finés		finéssens	finésséds

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French

Etymology

From Middle French finir, finer, from Old French finir, finer, from alteration (based on fin) of the original fenir, from Latin fīniō, fīnīre (influenced in conjugation by Vulgar Latin *fīniscō), from fīnis (“boundary, limit”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fi.niʁ/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb

finir

1. to finish, end, complete.

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like nourrir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of finir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	finir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	finissant /fi.ni.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		fini /fi.ni/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	finis /fi.ni/	finis /fi.ni/	finit /fi.ni/	finissons /fi.ni.sɔ̃/	finissez /fi.ni.se/	finissent /fi.nis/
	imperfect	finissais /fi.ni.sɛ/	finissais /fi.ni.sɛ/	finissait /fi.ni.sɛ/	finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/	finissiez /fi.ni.sje/	finissaient /fi.ni.sɛ/
	past historic2	finis /fi.ni/	finis /fi.ni/	finit /fi.ni/	finîmes /fi.nim/	finîtes /fi.nit/	finirent /fi.niʁ/
	future	finirai /fi.ni.ʁe/	finiras /fi.ni.ʁa/	finira /fi.ni.ʁa/	finirons /fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/	finirez /fi.ni.ʁe/	finiront /fi.ni.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/	finirais /fi.ni.ʁɛ/	finirait /fi.ni.ʁɛ/	finirions /fi.ni.ʁjɔ̃/	finiriez /fi.ni.ʁje/	finiraient /fi.ni.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	finisse /fi.nis/	finisses /fi.nis/	finisse /fi.nis/	finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/	finissiez /fi.ni.sje/	finissent /fi.nis/
	imperfect2	finisse /fi.nis/	finisses /fi.nis/	finît /fi.ni/	finissions /fi.ni.sjɔ̃/	finissiez /fi.ni.sje/	finissent /fi.nis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	finis /fi.ni/	—	finissons /fi.ni.sɔ̃/	finissez /fi.ni.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

Related terms

• défini
• fin
• fini
• finissage

• finisseur, finisseuse
• finition
• indéfini
• infini

Further reading

• “finir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Interlingua

Etymology

From French.

Verb

finir

1. to finish

Conjugation

    Conjugation of finir

infinitive		finir
participle		present	perfect
		finiente	finite
active		simple	perfect
	present	fini	ha finite
	past	finiva	habeva finite
	future	finira	habera finite
	conditional	finirea	haberea finite
	imperative	fini
passive		simple	perfect
	present	es finite	ha essite finite
	past	esseva finite	habeva essite finite
	future	essera finite	habera essite finite
	conditional	esserea finite	haberea essite finite
	imperative	sia finite

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Middle French

Alternative forms

• finer

Etymology

From Old French finir, finer, from alteration of earlier fenir, from Latin fīnīre, present active infinitive of fīnīo.

Verb

finir

1. (transitive, intransitive) to finish; to end

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of finir

infinitive	simple	finir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	finissant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		fini
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	finis	finis	finit	finissons	finissez	finissent
	imperfect	finissois, finissoys	finissois, finissoys	finissoit, finissoyt	finissions	finissiez	finissoient, finissoyent
	past historic	finis	finis	finit	finismes	finistes	finirent
	future	finirai, finiray	finiras	finira	finirons	finirez	finiront
	conditional	finirois, finiroys	finirois, finiroys	finiroit, finiroyt	finirions	finiriez	finiroient, finiroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	finisse	finisses	finisse	finissions	finissiez	finissent
	imperfect	finisse	finisses	finist	finissions	finissiez	finissent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	finis	—	finissons	finissez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Synonyms

• achever

Descendants

• French: finir

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (finir, supplement)

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Norman

Alternative forms

• finni (Jersey)

Etymology

From Old French finer, finir, from alteration of earlier fenir, from Latin fīniō, fīnīre (influenced in conjugation by Vulgar Latin *fīniscō), from fīnis (“boundary, limit”).

Verb

finir

1. (Guernsey) to finish

   Antonym: c'menchier

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Old French

Verb

finir

1. Alternative form of finer

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Spanish

Etymology

From an alteration of Old Spanish fenir (influenced by fin), from Latin fīniō, fīnīre. Cf. also the doublet fenecer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fiˈniɾ/ [fiˈniɾ]

Verb

1. (intransitive, obsolete) to end
2. (intransitive, Colombia) to end

Synonyms

• acabar
• finalizar
• terminar

Related terms

• fenecer
• finito
• fin

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Venetian

Etymology

From Latin fīnīre (influenced in conjugation by Vulgar Latin *fīniscō, *fīniscere), present active infinitive of fīniō, from fīnis (“boundary, limit”). Compare Italian finire.

Verb

finir

1. (transitive) to finish, end, complete

Conjugation

• Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of finir (third conjugation)

infinitive	finir
auxiliary verb		aver	gerund		finéndo
past participle		finito, finìo
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	finiso	(te) finisi	(el/ła) finise	finimo	finì	(i/łe) finise
imperfect	finìa	(te) finivi	(el/ła) finìa	finìvimo	finivi	(i/łe) finìa
future	finirò	(te) finirè	(el/ła) finirà	finirémo	finirè	(i/łe) finirà
conditional	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	finirìa	(te) finirisi	(el/ła) finirìa	finirìsimo	finirisi	(i/łe) finirìa
subjunctive	che mi	che ti	che eło / eła	che noialtri / noialtre	che voialtri / voialtre	che łuri / łore
present	finisa	(te) finisi	(el/ła) finisa	finimo	finì	(i/łe) finisa
imperfect	finise	(te) finisi	(el/ła) finise	finisimo	finisi	(i/łe) finise
imperative	—	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
	—	(te) finisi	(el/ła) finisa	finimo	finì	(i/łe) finisa