finis

See also: finís, finiš, and finiş

English

Etymology

From Middle English finis, from Latin fīnis (“end; limit”). Doublet of fine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɪnɪs/, /fiːˈniː/
• Rhymes: -ɪnɪs, -iː

Noun

finis

1. The end (of a book or other work).
   • 1836, — Frederick Marryat, Mr Midshipman Easy

     He had gone through the work from the title-page to the finis at least forty times, and had just commenced it over again.

   • 1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], OCLC 560090630:

     , Episode 16

     Highly providential was the appearance on the scene of Corny Kelleher when Stephen was blissfully unconscious but for that man in the gap turning up at the eleventh hour the finis might have been that he might have been a candidate for the accident ward […]

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Esperanto

Verb

finis

1. past of fini

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fi.ni/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophones: fini, finie, finies, finit, finît
• Rhymes: -i

Adjective

finis

1. masculine plural of fini

Verb

finis

1. inflection of finir:
   1. first/second-person singular present indicative
   2. first/second-person singular past historic
   3. second-person singular imperative

Participle

finis m pl

1. masculine plural of the past participle of finir

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Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfinis/

Verb

finis

1. past of finar

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Latin

Etymology

Disputed. Possibly for *fignis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to stick, set up”), whence figō, or for *fidnis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”), whence findō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈfiː.nis/, [ˈfiːnɪs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.nis/, [ˈfiːnis]

Noun

fīnis m (genitive fīnis); third declension

1. end

   Antonyms: initium, prīmōrdium, prīncipium, exōrdium, orīgō, limen

   in finem ― eternally

   ad finem ― to the end

   finem facio ― I cease

   • 29-19 BC, Vergil. Aeneid, 1.199

     dabit Deus hīs quoque fīnem

     God will give an end to these (things) also.

2. limit, border, bound boundary, frontier

   Synonyms: līmes, modus, cacūmen

3. (in the plural) boundaries, bounds; by extension, territory, region, lands
4. limit in duration, term (duration of a set length)
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:

     huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.

     For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.

5. end, purpose, aim, object, telos

   Synonyms: voluntās, intentiō, cōnsilium, propositum, animus, mēns

6. death, end (of life)

   Synonyms: mors, fūnus, fātum, exitus, perniciēs, somnus, sopor

7. amount (in late juridical writings)

Usage notes

According to Lewis & Short, fīnis does occasionally appear as a feminine noun in both the ante-classical and post-classical eras.

Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	fīnis	fīnēs
Genitive	fīnis	fīnium
Dative	fīnī	fīnibus
Accusative	fīnem	fīnēs fīnīs
Ablative	fīne fīnī	fīnibus
Vocative	fīnis	fīnēs

Derived terms

• affīnis
• fīniō
• fīnitimus

Descendants

• Asturian: fin
• Catalan: fi
• Corsican: fine
• Dalmatian: fain
• Esperanto: fino
• French: fin
• Friulian: fin
• Galician: fin
• Istriot: feîn
• Italian: fine
• Ladin: fin
• Leonese: fin
• Occitan: fin
• Portuguese: fim
• Romanian: fine
• Romansch: fin, fegn
• Sardinian: fine, fini
• Sicilian: fini
• Spanish: fin
• Venetian: fin
• Walloon: fén
• → Proto-Brythonic: *fin (see there for further descendants)
• → Middle Irish: fín (see there for further descendants)

Verb

fīnīs

1. second-person singular present active of fīniō

Further reading

• “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• finis in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
• finis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• finis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
    
  • to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere
    
  • to put an end to one's life: vitae finem facere
    
  • such was the end of... (used of a violent death): talem vitae exitum (not finem) habuit (Nep. Eum. 13)
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad finem aliquid adducere
    
  • to come to an end: finem habere
    
  • to cease speaking: finem dicendi facere
    
  • to impose fixed limitations: fines certos terminosque constituere
    
  • to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire
    

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Pijin

Etymology

From English finish.

Particle

finis

1. Tense marker for the past perfect tense