humus

See also: Humus and húmus

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin humus.

Pronunciation

• enPR: hyo͞o'məs, IPA^(key): /ˈhjuːməs/
• Rhymes: -uːməs

Noun

humus (usually uncountable, plural humuses)

1. A large group of natural organic compounds, found in the soil, formed from the chemical and biological decomposition of plant and animal residues and from the synthetic activity of microorganisms

Translations

group of compounds in soil

• Armenian: հումուս (hy) (humus)
• Catalan: humus m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 腐殖質／腐殖质 (zh) (fǔzhízhì), 腐殖质 (zh) (fǔzhízhì)

• Czech: humus (cs) m
• Esperanto: humo (eo)
• Finnish: humus (fi)
• French: humus (fr) m
• Galician: humus m
• German: Humus (de) m

  Alemannic German: Hërt m

• Greek: χούμος (el) m (choúmos)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Irish: húmas m
• Japanese: 腐植土 (ふしょくど, fushokudo)
• Korean: 부식질 (ko) (busikjil) (腐植土 (ko))
• Malay: humus
• Maori: paraumu
• Polish: humus (pl) m, próchnica (pl) f
• Portuguese: húmus (pt), humo (pt) m
• Romanian: humus (ro) n
• Russian: гу́мус (ru) m (gúmus), перегно́й (ru) m (peregnój)
• Spanish: humus (es) m
• Swedish: humus (sv) c
• Vietnamese: mùn (vi)

See also

• compost
• mulch

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Turkish humus or (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Arabic حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ).

Noun

humus (uncountable)

1. Alternative spelling of hummus

Anagrams

• mu shu

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Czech

Etymology

Latin humus

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦumus]

Noun

1. humus

Further reading

• Template:R:PSJC
• Template:R:SSJC

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin humus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɦy.mʏs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: hu‧mus

Noun

humus m (uncountable)

1. humus (soil organic matter)
2. (by extension) compost

Derived terms

• humusrijk

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Finnish

Etymology

< Latin humus

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhumus/, [ˈhumus̠]
• Hyphenation: hu‧mus

Noun

humus

1. humus

Declension

Inflection of humus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		humus	humukset
genitive		humuksen	humusten humuksien
partitive		humusta	humuksia
illative		humukseen	humuksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		humus	humukset
accusative	nom.	humus	humukset
	gen.	humuksen
genitive		humuksen	humusten humuksien
partitive		humusta	humuksia
inessive		humuksessa	humuksissa
elative		humuksesta	humuksista
illative		humukseen	humuksiin
adessive		humuksella	humuksilla
ablative		humukselta	humuksilta
allative		humukselle	humuksille
essive		humuksena	humuksina
translative		humukseksi	humuksiksi
abessive		humuksetta	humuksitta
instructive		—	humuksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of humus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative humukseni humukseni accusative nom. humukseni humukseni gen. humukseni genitive humukseni humusteni humuksieni partitive humustani humuksiani inessive humuksessani humuksissani elative humuksestani humuksistani illative humukseeni humuksiini adessive humuksellani humuksillani ablative humukseltani humuksiltani allative humukselleni humuksilleni essive humuksenani humuksinani translative humuksekseni humuksikseni abessive humuksettani humuksittani instructive — — comitative — humuksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative humuksesi humuksesi accusative nom. humuksesi humuksesi gen. humuksesi genitive humuksesi humustesi humuksiesi partitive humustasi humuksiasi inessive humuksessasi humuksissasi elative humuksestasi humuksistasi illative humukseesi humuksiisi adessive humuksellasi humuksillasi ablative humukseltasi humuksiltasi allative humuksellesi humuksillesi essive humuksenasi humuksinasi translative humukseksesi humuksiksesi abessive humuksettasi humuksittasi instructive — — comitative — humuksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative humuksemme humuksemme accusative nom. humuksemme humuksemme gen. humuksemme genitive humuksemme humustemme humuksiemme partitive humustamme humuksiamme inessive humuksessamme humuksissamme elative humuksestamme humuksistamme illative humukseemme humuksiimme adessive humuksellamme humuksillamme ablative humukseltamme humuksiltamme allative humuksellemme humuksillemme essive humuksenamme humuksinamme translative humukseksemme humuksiksemme abessive humuksettamme humuksittamme instructive — — comitative — humuksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative humuksenne humuksenne accusative nom. humuksenne humuksenne gen. humuksenne genitive humuksenne humustenne humuksienne partitive humustanne humuksianne inessive humuksessanne humuksissanne elative humuksestanne humuksistanne illative humukseenne humuksiinne adessive humuksellanne humuksillanne ablative humukseltanne humuksiltanne allative humuksellenne humuksillenne essive humuksenanne humuksinanne translative humukseksenne humuksiksenne abessive humuksettanne humuksittanne instructive — — comitative — humuksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative humuksensa humuksensa accusative nom. humuksensa humuksensa gen. humuksensa genitive humuksensa humustensa humuksiensa partitive humustaan humustansa humuksiaan humuksiansa inessive humuksessaan humuksessansa humuksissaan humuksissansa elative humuksestaan humuksestansa humuksistaan humuksistansa illative humukseensa humuksiinsa adessive humuksellaan humuksellansa humuksillaan humuksillansa ablative humukseltaan humukseltansa humuksiltaan humuksiltansa allative humukselleen humuksellensa humuksilleen humuksillensa essive humuksenaan humuksenansa humuksinaan humuksinansa translative humuksekseen humukseksensa humuksikseen humuksiksensa abessive humuksettaan humuksettansa humuksittaan humuksittansa instructive — — comitative — humuksineen humuksinensa

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Latin

Alternative forms

• umus
• humum

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *homos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰomós, from *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”). Cognates include Sanskrit क्ष (kṣa) and Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn). Related to homō (“human being, man”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈhu.mus/, [ˈhʊmʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈu.mus/, [ˈuːmus]

Noun

humus f (genitive humī); second declension

1. ground, floor
2. earth, soil

Declension

Second-declension noun, with locative.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	humus	humī
Genitive	humī	humōrum
Dative	humō	humīs
Accusative	humum	humōs
Ablative	humō humū	humīs
Vocative	hume	humī
Locative	humī	―

humus is one of a handful of common nouns that take the locative case (humī); other such nouns include domus and rūs. Also, irregular ablative singular humū once used by Varro.

Derived terms

• humilis
• humō

Descendants

• → Armenian: հումուս (humus)
• → Czech: humus
• → Dutch: humus
• → English: humus
• → Finnish: humus
• → French: humus
• → Galician: humus
• → German: Humus
• → Greek: χούμος (choúmos)
• → Irish: húmas
• → Italian: umus
• → Malay: humus
• → Polish: humus
• → Portuguese: húmus, humo
• → Romanian: humus
• → Russian: гу́мус (gúmus)
• → Serbo-Croatian: ху́мус (húmus)
• → Spanish: humus
• → Swedish: humus

References

• “humus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “humus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• humus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxu.mus/

Etymology 1

From Latin humus.

Noun

humus m inan

1. humus

   Synonym: próchnica

Declension

Declension of humus

	singular
nominative	humus
genitive	humusu
dative	humusowi
accusative	humus
instrumental	humusem
locative	humusie
vocative	humusie

Derived terms

• (adjective) humusowy

Etymology 2

From Arabic حمص.

Noun

humus m inan

1. hummus

   Synonym: hummus

Declension

Declension of humus

	singular	plural
nominative	humus	humusy
genitive	humusu	humusów
dative	humusowi	humusom
accusative	humus	humusy
instrumental	humusem	humusami
locative	humusie	humusach
vocative	humusie	humusy

Further reading

• humus in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• Template:R:PWN

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin humus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xǔːmus/
• Hyphenation: hu‧mus

Noun

húmus m (Cyrillic spelling ху́мус)

1. humus

Declension

Declension of humus

	singular
nominative	humus
genitive	humusa
dative	humusu
accusative	humus
vocative	humuse
locative	humusu
instrumental	humusom

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Spanish

Noun

humus m (plural humus)

1. hummus