keras
Appearance
Estonian
[edit]Noun
[edit]keras
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay keras, from Classical Malay keras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /kəˈras/ [kəˈras]
- Rhymes: -as
- Syllabification: ke‧ras
Adjective
[edit]kêras (comparative lebih keras, superlative paling keras)
- hard,
- (of material) resistant to pressure
- Roti itu terlalu keras untuk dipotong.
- That bread is too hard to cut
- Synonym: kuat
- (figurative) demanding a lot of effort to endure
- (figurative) severe, harsh
- kata-kata keras ― harsh words
- Antonym: lembut
- (of drugs, figurative) having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient; strong
- Obat keras. ― Hard drugs.
- (of a man, figurative) having an erect penis; erect
- (of material) resistant to pressure
- strong
- (of wind, figurative) having a lot of power
- (of disease or symptom, figurative) very bad or intense; severe
- (figurative) having an offensive or intense odor
- (material state) rigid; firm; stiff
- Ototnya sangat keras dan alot. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Antonym: lembut
- (of foods, figurative) difficult to cut or chew; tough
- (figurative) likely to use physical force; violent
- (of a sound, figurative) of great intensity; loud
- (of water current, figurative) moving with great speed; fast
- Synonym: deras
- (of rainfall, figurative) very heavy
- (of opinion, figurative) fixed
- (of price, figurative) with speed; in a rapid manner; rapidly
- (of cigarettes, figurative) likely cause dizziness
- strong, strict and seriously
Hyponyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “keras” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)er(H)-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kory (“root”) and Latvian cȩrs (“bush, knotty root of a tree”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kẽras m (plural kerai̇̃) stress pattern 4
Declension
[edit]singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | kẽras | kerai̇̃ |
genitive (kilmininkas) | kẽro | kerų̃ |
dative (naudininkas) | kẽrui | keráms |
accusative (galininkas) | kẽrą | kerùs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | kerù | kerai̇̃s |
locative (vietininkas) | kerè | keruosè |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | kẽre | kerai̇̃ |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”).
Noun
[edit]kẽras m (plural kerai̇̃) stress pattern 4
Declension
[edit]singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | kẽras | kerai̇̃ |
genitive (kilmininkas) | kẽro | kerų̃ |
dative (naudininkas) | kẽrui | keráms |
accusative (galininkas) | kẽrą | kerùs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | kerù | kerai̇̃s |
locative (vietininkas) | kerè | keruosè |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | kẽre | kerai̇̃ |
References
[edit]- “keras”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78f; 237
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]kĕras (Jawi spelling کرس)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “keras” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Categories:
- Estonian non-lemma forms
- Estonian noun forms
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/as
- Rhymes:Indonesian/as/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian adjectives
- Indonesian terms with usage examples
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian nouns
- Lithuanian masculine nouns
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/ras
- Rhymes:Malay/ras/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Malay/as
- Rhymes:Malay/as/2 syllables
- Malay lemmas
- Malay adjectives