kumma

Bavarian

Alternative forms

• kemma (West Central Bavaria)
• kèmmin (Sappada)
• khemen (Sauris)
• kumman

Etymology

Compare German kommen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkumɐ/
• Hyphenation: kum‧ma

Verb

kumma (past participle kumma)

1. (South Bavaria, East Central Bavaria, Vienna) to come

Conjugation

Conjugation of kumma

infinitive	kumma
	present tense	past tense	subjunctive
1st person sing.	kumm	-	kamad
2nd person sing.	kummst	-	kamast
3rd person sing.	kummt	-	kamad
1st person plur.	kumma	-	kamadn
2nd person plur.	kummts	-	kamats
3rd person plur.	kumma	-	kamadn
imperative sing.	kumm
past participle	kumma

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kumma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumːɑ]
• Rhymes: -umːɑ
• Syllabification^(key): kum‧ma

Adjective

kumma (comparative kummempi, superlative kummin)

1. odd, strange

   Onpa kumma, että...

   How strange that ...

2. in comparative, with negation, nasty, severe

   Onpa hyvä, että mitään kummempaa ei sattunut!

   How good that nothing more severe happened!

3. on earth, in the world, the dickens (used as non-profane intensifier with an interrogative pronoun)

   Mitä kummaa täällä on tapahtunut?

   What on earth has taken place here?

Usage notes

• The comparative and superlative are seldom used. They are usually substituted with corresponding forms of the synonymous adjective kummallinen.

Declension

Inflection of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		kumma	kummat
genitive		kumman	kummien
partitive		kummaa	kummia
illative		kummaan	kummiin
		singular	plural
nominative		kumma	kummat
accusative	nom.	kumma	kummat
	gen.	kumman
genitive		kumman	kummien kummainrare
partitive		kummaa	kummia
inessive		kummassa	kummissa
elative		kummasta	kummista
illative		kummaan	kummiin
adessive		kummalla	kummilla
ablative		kummalta	kummilta
allative		kummalle	kummille
essive		kummana	kummina
translative		kummaksi	kummiksi
instructive		—	kummin
abessive		kummatta	kummitta
comitative		—	kummine

Possessive forms of kumma (type koira)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	kummani	kummamme
2nd person	kummasi	kummanne
3rd person	kummansa

Synonyms

• (odd, strange): kummallinen, outo, omituinen
• (nasty, severe): ikävä, vakava
• (non-profane intensifier): ihme

Derived terms

• kummasti
• kummitella
• kummitus

See also

• kumpi (similar inflected forms)

Noun

kumma

1. strange or odd thing

Declension

Inflection of kumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		kumma	kummat
genitive		kumman	kummien
partitive		kummaa	kummia
illative		kummaan	kummiin
		singular	plural
nominative		kumma	kummat
accusative	nom.	kumma	kummat
	gen.	kumman
genitive		kumman	kummien kummainrare
partitive		kummaa	kummia
inessive		kummassa	kummissa
elative		kummasta	kummista
illative		kummaan	kummiin
adessive		kummalla	kummilla
ablative		kummalta	kummilta
allative		kummalle	kummille
essive		kummana	kummina
translative		kummaksi	kummiksi
instructive		—	kummin
abessive		kummatta	kummitta
comitative		—	kummineen

Possessive forms of kumma (type koira)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	kummani	kummamme
2nd person	kummasi	kummanne
3rd person	kummansa

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kumma. Cognates include Finnish kumma and Estonian -kumm.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkumːɑ/, [ˈkumːɑ]
• Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
• Hyphenation: kum‧ma

Noun

kumma

1. miracle, wonder

Declension

Declension of kumma (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kumma	kummat
genitive	kumman	kummiin
partitive	kummaa	kummia
illative	kummaa	kummii
inessive	kummaas	kummiis
elative	kummast	kummist
allative	kummalle	kummille
adessive	kummaal	kummiil
ablative	kummalt	kummilt
translative	kummaks	kummiks
essive	kummanna, kummaan	kumminna, kummiin
exessive1)	kummant	kummint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 9
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 218

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• कुम्म (Devanagari script)
• কুম্ম (Bengali script)
• කුම‍්ම (Sinhalese script)
• ကုမ္မ or ၵုမ္မ or ၵုမ်မ (Burmese script)
• กุมฺม or กุมมะ (Thai script)
• ᨠᩩᨾ᩠ᨾ (Tai Tham script)
• ກຸມ຺ມ or ກຸມມະ (Lao script)
• កុម្ម (Khmer script)
• 𑄇𑄪𑄟𑄴𑄟 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कूर्म (kūrmá).

Noun

kumma m

1. a tortoise

Declension

Declension table of "kumma" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	kummo	kummā
Accusative (second)	kummaṃ	kumme
Instrumental (third)	kummena	kummehi or kummebhi
Dative (fourth)	kummassa or kummāya or kummatthaṃ	kummānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	kummasmā or kummamhā or kummā	kummehi or kummebhi
Genitive (sixth)	kummassa	kummānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	kummasmiṃ or kummamhi or kumme	kummesu
Vocative (calling)	kumma	kummā