leja
Latvian
Alternative forms
- (dated, 19th-century form) leija
Etymology
From earlier (19th-century) leija, from Proto-Baltic *ley-ya-, from *ley-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *l̥-ey, from the zero grade of *el-, *Heh₃l- (“to bend, to incline”) (whence also elkonis (“elbow”), q.v.) with a suffix -ey. The meaning probably evolved as follows: “bent inward” > “inwardly bent earth”, “valley” > “lower area.” Cognates include Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌾𐌰 (undarleija, “lower, smaller”), Ancient Greek λειμών (leimṓn, “humid, grassy place, humid meadow”) (lower places are often humid).[1]
Pronunciation
Audio: | (file) |
Noun
leja f (4th declension)
- low area, low place, below (place located below, with respect to something else)
- pa leju mājai garām šaujas motociklets ― a motorcycle ran by in the low area along the house
- Lība palika stāvam un ostīja gaisu: kaut kur no lejas uzvēdīja svešāada smarša ― Lība remained standing and sniffed the air: somewhere from below a strange smell was spreading
- (in genitive, used adjectivally) lower side, lower part, bottom (of something)
- lejas stāvs ― the lower (i.e., first) floor
- te bija lejas aula baznīca ar zaļo skārda jumtu ― here was the lower village church with a green tin roof
- tumšajā lejas gaitenī klusēdami izklīst skolēnu pulciņi ― the small groups of studnets silently dispersed in the dark lower corridor
- (in locative, used adverbially) down, below, at the bottom, in a lower area (of some place)
- lejā pagalmā spēlējās bērni ― down in the yard the children were playing
- izgāju pat uz balkona; dzīli lejā zem manis slīdēja automašīnas un trolejbusi ― I went out on the balcony; deep down under me cars and trolleys slid by
- un tad tepat lejā pie Varžupīte tie karkli ― and then right here (they are), down by the Varžupīte (river), these willows
- tieši zem nišas bija divi galdiņi; nišā varēja dzirdēt katru vārdu, ko tie tur lejā runāja ― right under the niche there were two little tables; in the niche it was possible to hear every word which they said down there
- (geography) valley
- upes, strauta leja ― river, creek valley
- dziļa leja ― deep valley
- krūmiem aizaugusi leja ― a valley overgrown with bushes
- lejas nogāze ― valley slope
- starp diviem kalniem vēsā lejā / svēts, vientuļš klosteris glabājās ― in a cool valley between two mountains / a holy, lonely monastery kept itself
- depression in an area or terrain
- miklajā ganību lejā nāca melnakšņu un kārklu krūmi ― in the humid pasture depression there were (lit. came) alder and willow bushes
- (of rivers; usually with uz, no) mouth, estuary
- no lejas brauc tvaikonis ― from the river mouth came a steamboat
- straume laivu nesa uz leju ― the stream took the boat downstream, to(ward) the estuary
- jo tālāk ejam mēs uz leju, jo vairāk straume izšķir mūs ― the further we go downstream, the more the stream separated us
- (with uz) down, downward, toward the earth (also metaphorically)
- skatīties uz leju ― to look down
- ceļš ved uz leju ― the path leads down
- Ģirts gāja pa kāpnēm uz leju ― Ģirts walked down the stairs
- svaru kauss sveras uz leju ― the heavy cup weighs down
- Mācītājam Silingam ar veselību ejot uz leju ― Pastor Siling's health, they say, is going down
Declension
Synonyms
- (of "below", "down"): lejā
- (of "lower part"): apakša
- (of "valley"): ieleja
- (of "estuary"): lejtece
- (of "downward"): uz leju, lejup, zemup (rare)
Antonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “leja”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Livonian
Alternative forms
- (Courland) lejā
Etymology
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Noun
leja
Polish
Pronunciation
Noun
leja
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *lě̄xà.
Pronunciation
Noun
léja f (Cyrillic spelling ле́ја)
- plot of land for sowing, a partition of agriculturally or horticulturally used earth, farming bed
- 2015 June 15, “Planiranje vrta [Garden planning]”, in Bio-Vrt[1]:
- Za proizvodnju ranih proljetnih vrsta salate, kao i za snabdjevanje vrta svojim sadnicama, može se napraviti pokrivena topla leja.
- To produce early spring types of salad, as also for provision of the garden with seedlings, one can create a covered warm bed.
Declension
References
- “ле́ја”, in Речник српскохрватскога књижевног језика (in Serbo-Croatian), Друго фототипско издање edition, volume 3, Нови Сад, Загреб: Матица српска, Матица хрватска, 1969, published 1990, page 182
- “ле́ха”, in Речник српскохрватскога књижевног језика (in Serbo-Croatian), Друго фототипско издање edition, volume 3, Нови Сад, Загреб: Матица српска, Матица хрватска, 1969, published 1990, page 199
Swahili
Etymology
Noun
leja (n class, plural leja)
- ledger (a collection of accounting entries consisting of credits and debits)
Swedish
Verb
leja (present lejer, preterite lejde, supine lejt, imperative lej)
- to hire
- to hire someone to do a piece of heavy, dirty or monotonous work one otherwise would have had to do oneself
Conjugation
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | leja | lejas | ||
Supine | lejt | lejts | ||
Imperative | lej | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | lejen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | lejer | lejde | lejs, lejes | lejdes |
Ind. plural1 | leja | lejde | lejas | lejdes |
Subjunctive2 | leje | lejde | lejes | lejdes |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | lejande | |||
Past participle | lejd | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Related terms
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with audio links
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian feminine nouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- lv:Geography
- Latvian fourth declension nouns
- Livonian lemmas
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- Polish 2-syllable words
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- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Serbo-Croatian nouns
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- sh:Agriculture
- Swahili terms borrowed from English
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- sw:Finance
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