martyr
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English martir, from Old English martyr, itself a borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/, [ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)], [ˈmɐːɾə(ɹ)]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/[1]
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/, [ˈmɑɹ.ɾɚ][1]
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)
Audio (US): (file) Audio (UK): (file) - Hyphenation: mar‧tyr
Noun
[edit]martyr (plural martyrs)
- One who willingly accepts being put to death for adhering openly to one's religious beliefs; notably, saints canonized after martyrdom.
- Saint Stephen was the first Christian martyr.
- (by extension) One who sacrifices their life, station, or something of great personal value, for the sake of principle or to sustain a cause.
- (with a prepositional phrase of cause) One who suffers greatly and/or constantly, even involuntarily.
- Stan is a martyr to arthritis, Chris a martyr to Stan's endless moaning about it.
- 1937, AJ Cronin, The Citadel:
- He'd been a martyr to asthma all his life.
- 1982, J. G. Thirlwell (lyrics and music), “J.Q. Murder”, in Ache, performed by You've Got Foetus on Your Breath:
- J.Q. Murder wears sandpaper suits
Broken glass in pocket, barbed wire boots
Not because he's mean, but because he's a martyr
He makes Jackie Collins look like Jean-Paul Sartre
Antonyms
[edit]Hyponyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Verb
[edit]martyr (third-person singular simple present martyrs, present participle martyring, simple past and past participle martyred)
- (transitive) To make someone into a martyr by putting them to death for adhering to, or acting in accordance with, some belief, especially religious; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession.
- (transitive) To persecute.
- Some religious and other minorities were martyred until extinction.
- (transitive) To torment; to torture.
- c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
- Hark, wretches, how I mean to martyr you.
This one hand yet is left to cut your throats,
Whiles that Lavinia ’tween her stumps doth hold
The basin that receives your guilty blood.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IIII, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 94:
- […] The louely Amoret, whoſe gentle hart
Thou martyreſt with ſorow and with ſmart, […]
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Translations
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References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “martyr”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Danish martir. Borrowed via Ecclesiastical Latin martyr from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]martyr c (singular definite martyren, plural indefinite martyrer)
Declension
[edit]common gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | martyr | martyren | martyrer | martyrerne |
genitive | martyrs | martyrens | martyrers | martyrernes |
References
[edit]- “martyr” in Den Danske Ordbog
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old French martire, borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]martyr m (plural martyrs, feminine martyre)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “martyr”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈmar.tyr/, [ˈmärt̪ʏr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈmar.tir/, [ˈmärt̪ir]
Noun
[edit]martyr m or f (genitive martyris); third declension
- (Ecclesiastical Latin) martyr, especially a Christian martyr
Declension
[edit]Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | martyr | martyrēs |
Genitive | martyris | martyrum |
Dative | martyrī | martyribus |
Accusative | martyrem | martyrēs |
Ablative | martyre | martyribus |
Vocative | martyr | martyrēs |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Proto-Brythonic: *merθɨr (see there for further descendants)
- → Danish: martyr
- → Dutch: martelaar
- → Estonian: märter
- → Finnish: marttyyri
- → Old French: martire
- → German: Märtyrer
- → Hungarian: mártír
- → Old Irish: martar
- Old Italian: martore
- → Italian: martire
- Lombard: màrtul
- Neapolitan: marture
- → Norwegian: martyr
- → Old Occitan:
- → Old Galician-Portuguese:
- Romanian: martor
- Sardinian: màrturu
- Sicilian: màrtiri
- → Scottish Gaelic: martair
- → Spanish: mártir
- → Tagalog: martir
- → Swedish: martyr
References
[edit]- “martyr”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- martyr in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Norman
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Noun
[edit]martyr m (plural martyrs)
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Noun
[edit]martyr m (definite singular martyren, indefinite plural martyrer, definite plural martyrene)
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “martyr” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Noun
[edit]martyr m (definite singular martyren, indefinite plural martyrar, definite plural martyrane)
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “martyr” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Noun
[edit]martyr m
- martyr
- late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
- Þā sē hālga martyr mid þām Hālgan Gāst āfylled smearcode mid mūþe and tō þām mānfullan cwæþ "Ūs ġedafenaþ tō offriġenne þām undēadlīċum gode."
- Then the holy martyr, filled with the Holy Spirit, smiled with his mouth and to the evil man said "It benefits us to sacrifice to the immortal God."
- late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “martyr”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary[1], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Rhymes: -yːr
Noun
[edit]martyr c
Declension
[edit]Declension of martyr | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | martyr | martyren | martyrer | martyrerna |
Genitive | martyrs | martyrens | martyrers | martyrernas |
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:People
- en:Religion
- Danish terms inherited from Old Danish
- Danish terms derived from Old Danish
- Danish terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Danish terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Danish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- French terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- French terms derived from Ancient Greek
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the third declension
- Latin feminine nouns in the third declension
- Latin terms spelled with Y
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin nouns with multiple genders
- Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norman terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norman terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Norman lemmas
- Norman nouns
- Norman masculine nouns
- nrf:Religion
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Old English terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Old English terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Old English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English masculine nouns
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English masculine a-stem nouns
- ang:Religion
- Swedish terms borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Ecclesiastical Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Rhymes:Swedish/yːr
- Rhymes:Swedish/yːr/2 syllables
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns