patior

Latin

Alternative forms

• patiō

Etymology

Apparently denominative from Proto-Indo-European *ph₁-tós, participle of *peh₁- (“to hurt”), though this morphology would be highly irregular. Cognate with paene, paeniteō, pēnūria, Ancient Greek πῆμα (pêma), πηρός (pērós), Old English feond (“devil, enemy”) (English fiend), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”), Proto-Slavic *patiti (“to suffer, to fare misfortune”).

An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet- (“to fly, fall”), with semantic shift "to befall" > "to experience" > "to suffer".

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ti.or/, [ˈpät̪iɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpat.t͡si.or/, [ˈpät̪ː͡s̪ior]

Verb

patior (present infinitive patī, perfect active passus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent

1. (transitive) to suffer, endure, tolerate

   Synonyms: tolerō, patiō, sufferō, subeō, perferō, perpetior, recipiō, accipiō, sinō, ferō, dūrō, sustineō, sustentō

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.157–158:

     tum patitur cultus ager et renovātur arātrō

     That is when the field endures cultivation, and is renewed by the plough.
     [Note: This verse by the poet Ovid can endure a more figurative translation or permit a more literal reading of the word patitur.]

2. (transitive) to allow, acquiesce, permit, submit

   Synonyms: permittō, admittō

   Patere lēgem quam ipse fēcistī / tulistī.

   Submit to the law which you yourself made / proposed.

3. (intransitive) to exist, live

   Pati sine regno

   To live without a king.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of patior (third conjugation iō-variant, deponent)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	patior	pateris, patere	patitur	patimur	patiminī	patiuntur
	imperfect	patiēbar	patiēbāris, patiēbāre	patiēbātur	patiēbāmur	patiēbāminī	patiēbantur
	future	patiar	patiēris, patiēre	patiētur	patiēmur	patiēminī	patientur
	perfect	passus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	passus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	passus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	patiar	patiāris, patiāre	patiātur	patiāmur	patiāminī	patiantur
imperfect	paterer	paterēris, paterēre	paterētur	paterēmur	paterēminī	paterentur
perfect	passus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	passus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	patere	—	—	patiminī	—
	future	—	patitor	patitor	—	—	patiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		patī	passum esse	passūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		patiēns	passus	passūrus	—	—	patiendus, patiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		patiendī	patiendō	patiendum	patiendō	passum	passū

Derived terms

• compatior
• passibilis
• passiō
• passus
• patibilis
• patiēns
• perpetior
• praepatior
• prōpatior

 

Related terms

• passīvus
• patientia

Descendants

• Old French: pader
• → Catalan: patir
• → French: pâtir
• → Occitan: patir
• →? Serbo-Croatian: patiti

Reflexes of an assumed variant *patīre:

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: pãtsiri
  • Romanian: păți
  • → Proto-Albanian: *patjɔnit
    • ⇒ Albanian: pësoj
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: patire (see there for further descendants)

    Amasseno: paté

  • Sicilian: patiri
    • → Maltese: bata
• North Italian:
  • Istriot: padì
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Occitan:

    Auvergnat: padir

    Vivaro-Alpine: [pådyi]

• Ibero-Romance:
  • ⇒ Portuguese: padecer
  • Old Spanish: padir ⇒ padescer
    • Spanish: padecer

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “pati”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 8: Patavia–Pix, page 15

Further reading

• “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• patior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to suffer wrong: iniuriam ferre, pati
    
  • to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
    
  • (ambiguous) to extend in breadth, in length: in latitudinem, in longitudinem patere
    
  • (ambiguous) to have a wide extent: late patere (also metaphorically vid. sect. VIII. 8)
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag