prendre
Catalan
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:etymology at line 170: Old Occitan (pro) is not set as an ancestor of Catalan (ca) in Module:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Catalan is Old Catalan (roa-oca)., from Latin prendere, alternative form of prehendere, present active infinitive of prehendō, from prae- (“before”) + *hendō (“I take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-.
Pronunciation
Verb
prendre (first-person singular present prenc, first-person singular preterite prenguí, past participle pres)
- to take
Conjugation
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “prendre” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “prendre”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “prendre” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “prendre” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Franco-Provençal
Etymology
From Latin prendere, variant of prehendere (“to seize”), present active infinitive of prehendō.
Verb
prendre
- to take
Conjugation
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | prendre | aveir preis | |||||
gerund | prenent | ayent preis | |||||
auxiliary verb | aveir | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | preis | preisi | |||||
plural | preis | preises | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | jo | te | il | nos | vos | ils | |
present | prenno | prends | prend | prenems | prentes | prennont | |
imperfect | prenèvo | prenèves | prenève | prenévams | prenévaz | prenèvant | |
preterite | preisi | preisis | preisit | preisîmos | preisîtes | preisiront | |
future | prendrai | prendrés | prendra | prendrems | prendreiz | prendrant | |
conditional | prendrim | prendriés | prendriet | prendriams | prendriaz | prendríont prendríant | |
compound tenses | present perfect | present indicative of aveir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of aveir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite indicative of aveir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future indicative of aveir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of aveir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que te | qu'il | que nos | que vos | qu'ils | |
present | preigno | preignes | preigne | prenams | prenaz | preignant | |
imperfect | preisisso | preisisses | preisît | preisissams | preisissaz | preisissant | |
compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of aveir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of aveir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | te | — | nos | vos | — | |
prends | prenems | prentes |
- Literary imperfect: prenim, preniés, preniet, preniams, preniaz, preníant
French
Etymology
From Middle French prendre, from Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prendere, alternative form of prehendere (“to seize”), present active infinitive of prehendō, from prae- (“before”) + *hendō (“I take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-; confer English apprehend.
Pronunciation
Verb
prendre
- to take
- prends ma main.
- take my hand.
- to eat; to drink
- elle prend un café
- she is drinking a coffee
- to get; to buy
- to rob; to deprive
- (of fire) to break out
- prendre feu
- to catch fire
- (reflexive) to get (something) caught (in), to jam
- je me suis pris la main dans la porte
- I caught my hand in the door
- (in various idiomatic expressions, followed by a partitive) to gain
- prendre de la vitesse ― to gain speed
- prendre du galon ― to gain a promotion
- prendre de l’avance ― to gain ground
- prendre du retard ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- prendre de la hauteur ― to gain some perspective
- prendre du recul ― to take a step back
- prendre du poids ― to gain weight
- prendre de la bouteille ― to gain experience
- prendre de la brioche, prendre du bide, prendre du ventre ― to get a paunch
- en prendre de la graine ― to take away a lesson
- prendre de la masse ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- prendre du bouchon ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- to make
- prendre une décision ― to make a decision
- prendre des mesures draconiennes ― to take draconian measures
Conjugation
This verb is quite irregular, with the following patterns:
- In the infinitive, in the singular forms of the present indicative, and in the future and the conditional, it is conjugated like rendre, perdre, etc. (sometimes called the regular -re verbs).
- In the plural forms of the present indicative and imperative, in the imperfect indicative, in the present subjunctive, and in the present participle, it is conjugated like appeler or jeter, using the stem prenn- before mute 'e' and the stem pren- elsewhere.
- In the past participle, and in the past historic and the imperfect subjunctive, its conjugation resembles that of mettre.
infinitive | simple | prendre | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | prenant /pʁə.nɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | pris /pʁi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | prends /pʁɑ̃/ |
prends /pʁɑ̃/ |
prend /pʁɑ̃/ |
prenons /pʁə.nɔ̃/ |
prenez /pʁə.ne/ |
prennent /pʁɛn/ |
imperfect | prenais /pʁə.nɛ/ |
prenais /pʁə.nɛ/ |
prenait /pʁə.nɛ/ |
prenions /pʁə.njɔ̃/ |
preniez /pʁə.nje/ |
prenaient /pʁə.nɛ/ | |
past historic2 | pris /pʁi/ |
pris /pʁi/ |
prit /pʁi/ |
prîmes /pʁim/ |
prîtes /pʁit/ |
prirent /pʁiʁ/ | |
future | prendrai /pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ |
prendras /pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ |
prendra /pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ |
prendrons /pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
prendrez /pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ |
prendront /pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | prendrais /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
prendrais /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
prendrait /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ |
prendrions /pʁɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
prendriez /pʁɑ̃.dʁi.je/ |
prendraient /pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | prenne /pʁɛn/ |
prennes /pʁɛn/ |
prenne /pʁɛn/ |
prenions /pʁə.njɔ̃/ |
preniez /pʁə.nje/ |
prennent /pʁɛn/ |
imperfect2 | prisse /pʁis/ |
prisses /pʁis/ |
prît /pʁi/ |
prissions /pʁi.sjɔ̃/ |
prissiez /pʁi.sje/ |
prissent /pʁis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | prends /pʁɑ̃/ |
— | prenons /pʁə.nɔ̃/ |
prenez /pʁə.ne/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- à prendre avec des pincettes
- à prendre ou à laisser
- à tout prendre
- déprendre
- désapprendre
- emprendre
- entreprendre
- éprendre
- méprendre
- prenable
- prendre au dépourvu
- prendre conscience
- prendre de vitesse
- prendre en charge
- prendre en compte
- prendre en défaut
- prendre en grippe
- prendre feu
- prendre fin
- prendre garde
- prendre la fuite
- prendre la main dans le sac
- prendre la parole
- prendre la poudre d’escampette
- prendre la tête
- prendre le pas
- prendre le relais
- prendre pour
- prendre pour acquis
- prendre ses aises
- prendre ses cliques et ses claques
- prendre ses couilles en main
- prendre ses distances
- prendre ses jambes à son cou
- prendre ses marques
- prendre son pied
- prendre son temps
- prendre un coup de vieux
- se prendre
- surprendre
- s’en prendre à
- s’y prendre
Related terms
Further reading
- “prendre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prendō, prendere, from prehendō.
Verb
prendre
- to take
Descendants
- French: prendre
Norman
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prendō, prendere, an alternative form of prehendō, prehendere (“lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch”).
Verb
prendre
Antonyms
Derived terms
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin prendere, present active infinitive of prendō, alternative form of prehendō.
Pronunciation
Verb
prendre
- to take
- circa 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la vie de Sainte Elyzabel, fille au roi de Hongrie:
- Sachiez, ce mes oncles m'esforce
Que je preigne mari a force,
Je m'enfuirai en aucun leu- Know that if my uncle forces me
To take a husband against my will
I will flee to any place [but here]
- Know that if my uncle forces me
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | prendre | avoir pris | |||||
gerund | en prenant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | prenant | ||||||
past participle | pris | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | preing, pren | prenz | prent | prenons | prenez | prenent |
imperfect | prenoie, preneie | prenoies, preneies | prenoit, preneit | preniiens, preniens | preniiez, preniez | prenoient, preneient | |
preterite | pris | preṣis | prist | preṣimes | preṣistes | prisdrent | |
future | prendrai | prendras | prendra | prendrons | prendroiz, prendreiz, prendrez | prendront | |
conditional | prendroie, prendreie | prendroies, prendreies | prendroit, prendreit | prendriiens, prendriens | prendriiez, prendriez | prendroient, prendreient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | preigne | preignes | preigne | prenons, preigniens, preignons | prenez, preigniez | preignent |
imperfect | preṣisse | preṣisses | preṣist | preṣissons, preṣissiens | preṣissoiz, preṣissez, preṣissiez | preṣissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | pren | — | prenons | prenez | — |
Related terms
Descendants
Old Occitan
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin prendere, variant of prehendere, present active infinitive of prehendō. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French prendre.
Verb
prendre
- to take
Descendants
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “prehendere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: invalid volume number
, page 339
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
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