rascar

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre, a frequentative verb based on Latin rāsus (“shaven”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [rəsˈka]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [rasˈkaɾ]
• Homophone: rascà
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

rascar (first-person singular present rasco, first-person singular preterite rasquí, past participle rascat)

1. (transitive) to scrape (off) (remove something from a surface)

   Synonym: gratar

2. (intransitive) to be scratchy
3. (intransitive) to make a grating sound

Conjugation

    Conjugation of rascar (first conjugation, c-qu alternation)

infinitive			rascar
gerund			rascant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		rascat		rascada
		plural		rascats		rascades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	rasco	rasques	rasca	rasquem	rasqueu	rasquen
	imperfect	rascava	rascaves	rascava	rascàvem	rascàveu	rascaven
	future	rascaré	rascaràs	rascarà	rascarem	rascareu	rascaran
	preterite	rasquí	rascares	rascà	rascàrem	rascàreu	rascaren
	conditional	rascaria	rascaries	rascaria	rascaríem	rascaríeu	rascarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	rasqui	rasquis	rasqui	rasquem	rasqueu	rasquin
	imperfect	rasqués	rasquessis	rasqués	rasquéssim	rasquéssiu	rasquessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	rasca	rasqui	rasquem	rasqueu	rasquin
	negative (no)	—	no rasquis	no rasqui	no rasquem	no rasqueu	no rasquin

Derived terms

• rasca
• rascaculs
• rascada
• rascador
• rascadures
• rascanyós
• rasquet

 

Related terms

• ras
• raure

 

References

• “rascar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “rascar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “rascar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese rascar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre, a frequentative verb based on Latin rāsus (“shaven”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rasˈkaɾ]

Verb

rascar (first-person singular present rasco, first-person singular preterite rasquei, past participle rascado)

1. to scratch

   Synonyms: cozar, fregar, rañar

2. to scrape

   Synonym: raspar

3. to claw

   Synonym: rabuñar

4. to peel (potatoes)
5. to groom, to currycomb

Conjugation

    Conjugation of rascar (c-qu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	rascar
Personal	rascar	rascares	rascar	rascarmos	rascardes	rascaren
Gerund
	rascando
Past participle
Masculine	rascado			rascados
Feminine	rascada			rascadas
Indicative
Present	rasco	rascas	rasca	rascamos	rascades	rascan
Imperfect	rascaba	rascabas	rascaba	rascabamos	rascabades	rascaban
Preterite	rasquei	rascaches	rascou	rascamos	rascastes	rascaron
Pluperfect	rascara	rascaras	rascara	rascaramos	rascarades	rascaran
Future	rascarei	rascarás	rascará	rascaremos	rascaredes	rascarán
Conditional	rascaría	rascarías	rascaría	rascariamos	rascariades	rascarían
Subjunctive
Present	rasque	rasques	rasque	rasquemos	rasquedes	rasquen
Imperfect	rascase	rascases	rascase	rascásemos	rascásedes	rascasen
Future	rascar	rascares	rascar	rascarmos	rascardes	rascaren
Imperative
Affirmative		rasca	rasque	rasquemos	rascade	rasquen
Negative (non)		non rasques	non rasque	non rasquemos	non rasquedes	non rasquen

    Reintegrated conjugation of rascar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	rascar
Personal	rascar	rascares	rascar	rascarmos	rascardes	rascarem
Gerund
	rascando
Past participle
Masculine	rascado			rascados
Feminine	rascada			rascadas
Indicative
Present	rasco	rascas	rasca	rascamos	rascades, rascais	rascam
Imperfect	rascava	rascavas	rascava	rascávamos	rascávades, rascáveis, rascávais1	rascavam
Preterite	rasquei	rascaste, rascache1	rascou	rascamos	rascastes	rascárom, rascaram
Pluperfect	rascara	rascaras	rascara	rascáramos	rascárades, rascáreis, rascárais1	rascaram
Future	rascarei	rascarás	rascará	rascaremos	rascaredes, rascareis	rascarám, rascarão
Conditional	rascaria	rascarias	rascaria	rascaríamos	rascaríades, rascaríeis, rascaríais1	rascariam
Subjunctive
Present	rasque	rasques	rasque	rasquemos	rasquedes, rasqueis	rasquem
Imperfect	rascasse	rascasses	rascasse	rascássemos	rascássedes, rascásseis	rascassem
Future	rascar	rascares	rascar	rascarmos	rascardes	rascarem
Imperative
Affirmative		rasca	rasque	rasquemos	rascade, rascai	rasquem
Negative (nom)		nom rasques	nom rasque	nom rasquemos	nom rasquedes, nom rasqueis	nom rasquem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• rasca
• rascada
• rascadoiro
• rascadura
• rascalleira
• rascallo

 

References

• “rascar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “rasc” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “rascar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “rascar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
• “rascar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “rascar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• “rascar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese rascar, from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre, a frequentative verb based on Latin rāsus (“shaven”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁasˈka(ʁ)/ [hasˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁasˈka(ʁ)/ [hasˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʁasˈka(ɾ)/ [hasˈka(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʁaʃˈka(ʁ)/ [χaʃˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁasˈka(ɻ)/ [hasˈka(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɐʃˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɐʃˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɐʃˈka.ɾi/

Verb

rascar (first-person singular present rasco, first-person singular preterite rasquei, past participle rascado)

1. to scrape (draw a sharp object along a surface)

   Synonym: raspar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of rascar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	rascar
Personal	rascar	rascares	rascar	rascarmos	rascardes	rascarem
Gerund
	rascando
Past participle
Masculine	rascado			rascados
Feminine	rascada			rascadas
Indicative
Present	rasco	rascas	rasca	rascamos	rascais	rascam
Imperfect	rascava	rascavas	rascava	rascávamos	rascáveis	rascavam
Preterite	rasquei	rascaste	rascou	rascamos1, rascámos2	rascastes	rascaram
Pluperfect	rascara	rascaras	rascara	rascáramos	rascáreis	rascaram
Future	rascarei	rascarás	rascará	rascaremos	rascareis	rascarão
Conditional	rascaria	rascarias	rascaria	rascaríamos	rascaríeis	rascariam
Subjunctive
Present	rasque	rasques	rasque	rasquemos	rasqueis	rasquem
Imperfect	rascasse	rascasses	rascasse	rascássemos	rascásseis	rascassem
Future	rascar	rascares	rascar	rascarmos	rascardes	rascarem
Imperative
Affirmative		rasca	rasque	rasquemos	rascai	rasquem
Negative (não)		não rasques	não rasque	não rasquemos	não rasqueis	não rasquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• raer / rer
• raso

 

See also

• rasgar
• arranhar

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish rascar, from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre, a frequentative verb based on Latin rāsus (“shaven”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rasˈkaɾ/ [rasˈkaɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: ras‧car

Verb

rascar (first-person singular present rasco, first-person singular preterite rasqué, past participle rascado)

1. to scratch

   Synonym: rayar

2. (reflexive, colloquial) to get drunk
3. to scrape (to play awkwardly and inharmoniously on a violin or similar instrument)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of rascar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			rascar
gerund			rascando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		rascado		rascada
		plural		rascados		rascadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	rasco	rascastú rascásvos	rasca	rascamos	rascáis	rascan
	imperfect	rascaba	rascabas	rascaba	rascábamos	rascabais	rascaban
	preterite	rasqué	rascaste	rascó	rascamos	rascasteis	rascaron
	future	rascaré	rascarás	rascará	rascaremos	rascaréis	rascarán
	conditional	rascaría	rascarías	rascaría	rascaríamos	rascaríais	rascarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	rasque	rasquestú rasquésvos2	rasque	rasquemos	rasquéis	rasquen
	imperfect (ra)	rascara	rascaras	rascara	rascáramos	rascarais	rascaran
	imperfect (se)	rascase	rascases	rascase	rascásemos	rascaseis	rascasen
	future1	rascare	rascares	rascare	rascáremos	rascareis	rascaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		rascatú rascávos	rasque	rasquemos	rascad	rasquen
	negative		no rasques	no rasque	no rasquemos	no rasquéis	no rasquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of rascar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive rascar
	dative	rascarme	rascarte	rascarle, rascarse	rascarnos	rascaros	rascarles, rascarse
	accusative	rascarme	rascarte	rascarlo, rascarla, rascarse	rascarnos	rascaros	rascarlos, rascarlas, rascarse
with gerund rascando
	dative	rascándome	rascándote	rascándole, rascándose	rascándonos	rascándoos	rascándoles, rascándose
	accusative	rascándome	rascándote	rascándolo, rascándola, rascándose	rascándonos	rascándoos	rascándolos, rascándolas, rascándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative rasca
	dative	ráscame	ráscate	ráscale	ráscanos	not used	ráscales
	accusative	ráscame	ráscate	ráscalo, ráscala	ráscanos	not used	ráscalos, ráscalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative rascá
	dative	rascame	rascate	rascale	rascanos	not used	rascales
	accusative	rascame	rascate	rascalo, rascala	rascanos	not used	rascalos, rascalas
with formal second-person singular imperative rasque
	dative	rásqueme	not used	rásquele, rásquese	rásquenos	not used	rásqueles
	accusative	rásqueme	not used	rásquelo, rásquela, rásquese	rásquenos	not used	rásquelos, rásquelas
with first-person plural imperative rasquemos
	dative	not used	rasquémoste	rasquémosle	rasquémonos	rasquémoos	rasquémosles
	accusative	not used	rasquémoste	rasquémoslo, rasquémosla	rasquémonos	rasquémoos	rasquémoslos, rasquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative rascad
	dative	rascadme	not used	rascadle	rascadnos	rascaos	rascadles
	accusative	rascadme	not used	rascadlo, rascadla	rascadnos	rascaos	rascadlos, rascadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative rasquen
	dative	rásquenme	not used	rásquenle	rásquennos	not used	rásquenles, rásquense
	accusative	rásquenme	not used	rásquenlo, rásquenla	rásquennos	not used	rásquenlos, rásquenlas, rásquense

Derived terms

• puerco no se rasca en javilla
• rascacielos
• rascador
• rascarse el bolsillo
• rascarse la barriga

 

Related terms

• raer
• raso

 

See also

• arañar
• rasgar
• rasguñar
• raspar

Further reading

• “rascar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014