ratu

English

Noun

ratu (plural ratus)

1. A Fijian chief.
   • 2006, Thomas Reuter, Sharing the Earth, Dividing the Land, page 257:

     For the purposes of this discussion, however, it is sufficient to know that all land is traditionally vested in the ratu, and there are no higher order structures of customary landownership.

Anagrams

• Ruta, UART

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin rattus.

Noun

ratu m (plural ratos)

1. mouse

   Synonyms: mur, xurnia

2. while; short time

   Synonyms: nadria, (Western Asturias) ratáu

3. reflection

Balinese

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Javanese ratu (“king”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Doublet of datu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ra.tu/
• Rhymes: -atu
• Hyphenation: ra‧tu

Noun

ratu (Balinese script ᬭᬢᬸ)

1. king

Further reading

• “ratu” in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia], Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Fijian

Etymology

From Proto-Central Pacific *ratu, from Proto-Oceanic *ratu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Cognate with Toba Batak datu, Malay datuk, Javanese ratu.

Noun

ratu

1. a monarch or honorific title used by Fijians of chiefly rank for males

Coordinate terms

• adi (for females)

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• ratoe (van Ophuijsen (1901–1947))

Etymology

From Malay ratu, from Old Javanese ratu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Doublet of datu and datuk.

• Semantic loan from Javanese ratu (ꦫꦠꦸ).
• For sense of the most powerful piece in chess, semantic loan from Dutch koningin.
• For sense of powerful or forceful female, semantic loan from English queen.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈratu/ [ˈra.t̪u]
• Rhymes: -atu
• Syllabification: ra‧tu

Noun

ratu (plural ratu-ratu or para ratu)

1. (archaic) monarch

   Synonym: raja

2. queen:
   1. queen regnant: female monarch

      Synonym: rani

   2. queen consort: wife of a king

      Synonyms: permaisuri, rani

   3. powerful or forceful female person
   4. (chess) the most powerful piece, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally

      Synonyms: menteri, ster

Derived terms

• ratu adil
• ratu alit
• ratu anggabaya
• ratu barat
• ratu buah
• ratu drama
• ratu kilen
• ratu timur
• ratu wetan

Related terms

• datu
• datuk
• keraton

See also

Chess pieces in Indonesian · buah catur (see also: catur) (layout · text)
raja	menteri, patih, ratu, ster	benteng	gajah, loper, menteri, luncung, luncur, peluncur	kuda	bidak, pion, prajurit

Further reading

• “ratu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Romanization

ratu

1. romanization of ꦫꦠꦸ

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese rato.

Noun

ratu

1. mouse
2. rat

Latin

Verb

ratū

1. ablative supine of reor

Latvian

Noun

ratu m

1. inflection of rats:
   1. accusative/instrumental singular
   2. genitive plural

Makasar

Alternative forms

• datu

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-South Sulawesi *datu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈratu/, [ˈra.t̪ʰu]
• Hyphenation: ra‧tu

Noun

ratu (Lontara spelling ᨑᨈᨘ)

1. ruler, monarch (in Makassar, an old word for karaeng).

   Makkanami karaeng rongo-rongoia mannyaʼbuʼmi ratu beru bakkakia

   The young karaeng sons spoke, the newly mature rulers said

   12.VI.1723 nanikana matei ratuia riUlawang ilalang ripaʼrasanganna

   12.VI.1723 It is told that the ruler (datu) of Ulawĕng died in his land

Usage notes

• In Old Makassar writings, Buginese rulers appear as both ratu and datu, e.g., ratua, the ruler of Luwuʼ (in a 16th century contract).

Affixations

• karatuang

Further reading

• Cense, A. A. (1979) Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek, 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Malay

Etymology

From Old Javanese ratu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Cognate to Fijian ratu and Javanese ratu. Doublet of datuk, datu, and datung.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈratu/ [ˈra.t̪u]
• Rhymes: -tu, -u
• Hyphenation: ra‧tu

Noun

ratu (Jawi spelling راتو, plural ratu-ratu)

1. A queen:
   1. A queen regnant.

      Synonym: permaisuri

   2. (uncommon) A queen consort.

      Synonym: permaisuri

   3. (figurative) A title for a female winner in beauty-based contests and others.

      ratu fesyen ― queen of fashion

   4. (sports) The queen piece in chess.

      Synonyms: bendahara, menteri, permaisuri

2. (obsolete) A king.

   Synonyms: raja, sultan, syah, datu (archaic)

Usage notes

The term ratu is usually used for queens regnant while permaisuri is usually used for queens consort.

Affixations

• beratukan

Descendants

• Indonesian: ratu

Further reading

• “ratu” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Old High German

Noun

rātu

1. instrumental singular of rāt

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Doublet of ḍatu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ra.tu/
• Rhymes: -tu
• Hyphenation: ra‧tu

Noun

ratu

1. king

Derived terms

• apaparatwan
• araratwan
• karatun
• makaratu
• maratu
• pararaton
• rinatwa
• rinatwakĕn

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦫꦠꦸ (ratu)
• → Balinese: ᬭᬢᬸ (ratu)
• → Malay: ratu
  • Indonesian: ratu

Further reading

• "ratu" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

ratu (Cyrillic spelling рату)

1. dative/locative singular of rat

Noun

ratu (Cyrillic spelling рату)

1. accusative singular of rata