straffen
Danish
[edit]Noun
[edit]straffen
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”).[1] The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.
Verb
[edit]straffen
- (transitive) to punish
- (transitive) to sentence
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of straffen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | straffen | |||
past singular | strafte | |||
past participle | gestraft | |||
infinitive | straffen | |||
gerund | straffen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | straf | strafte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | straft, straf2 | strafte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | straft | strafte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | straft | strafte | ||
3rd person singular | straft | strafte | ||
plural | straffen | straften | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | straffe | strafte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | straffen | straften | ||
imperative sing. | straf | |||
imperative plur.1 | straft | |||
participles | straffend | gestraft | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Afrikaans: straf
- Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu
- Negerhollands: straaf
- → Aukan: sitaafu
- → Papiamentu: straf
References
[edit]- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]straffen
German
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From straff (“tight, taut”).
Verb
[edit]straffen (weak, third-person singular present strafft, past tense straffte, past participle gestrafft, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to tighten, tauten
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | straffen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | straffend | ||||
past participle | gestrafft | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich straffe | wir straffen | i | ich straffe | wir straffen |
du straffst | ihr strafft | du straffest | ihr straffet | ||
er strafft | sie straffen | er straffe | sie straffen | ||
preterite | ich straffte | wir strafften | ii | ich straffte1 | wir strafften1 |
du strafftest | ihr strafftet | du strafftest1 | ihr strafftet1 | ||
er straffte | sie strafften | er straffte1 | sie strafften1 | ||
imperative | straff (du) straffe (du) |
strafft (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Adjective
[edit]straffen
- inflection of straff:
Further reading
[edit]- “straffen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “straffen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “straffen” in Duden online
- “straffen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”).[1] The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar.
Verb
[edit]straffen
Inflection
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Further reading
[edit]- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “straffen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Noun
[edit]straffen m
Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]straffen
- Danish non-lemma forms
- Danish noun forms
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑfən/2 syllables
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle High German
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch transitive verbs
- Dutch weak verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch noun forms
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- Rhymes:German/afn̩
- Rhymes:German/afn̩/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German non-lemma forms
- German adjective forms
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Middle High German
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle Dutch weak verbs
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål noun forms
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish noun forms