surra

See also: súrra

English

Etymology

From Marathi [script needed] (sūra, “air breathed through the nostrils”), imitative of heavy breathing through the nostrils.

Noun

surra (uncountable)

1. A disease of vertebrate animals caused by protozoan trypanosomes, involving fever, weakness, and lethargy.
   • 1901 May 24, “Veterinary Work at Uganda”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record‎^[1], volume 4, number 6, page 178:

     Whether the disease caused was Surra or Ngana time would not permit me to judge […]

Translations

disease of animals

• French: surra (fr) f
• German: Surra f
• Italian: surra f
• Polish: surra (pl) f

Estonian

Verb

surra

1. Da-infinitive of surema.

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *surdak (“to die”) (compare Estonian surema (“to die”)), from Proto-Uralic *śure- (“to die”). The modern meaning is by contamination from surku; the original meaning is still found in the derivative surma (“killing”). May also be related to Erzya сырьмай (sïŕmaj, “death”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsurːɑˣ/, [ˈs̠urːɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -urːɑ
• Syllabification^(key): sur‧ra
• Hyphenation^(key): sur‧ra

Verb

surra

1. (intransitive) to mourn, grieve (often because of someone's death)
2. (transitive, usually atelic) to mourn, grieve ((over) someone dead)

Conjugation

Inflection of surra (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		suren	en sure	1st sing.	olen surrut	en ole surrut
2nd sing.		suret	et sure	2nd sing.	olet surrut	et ole surrut
3rd sing.		suree	ei sure	3rd sing.	on surrut	ei ole surrut
1st plur.		suremme	emme sure	1st plur.	olemme surreet	emme ole surreet
2nd plur.		surette	ette sure	2nd plur.	olette surreet	ette ole surreet
3rd plur.		surevat	eivät sure	3rd plur.	ovat surreet	eivät ole surreet
passive		surraan	ei surra	passive	on surtu	ei ole surtu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		surin	en surrut	1st sing.	olin surrut	en ollut surrut
2nd sing.		surit	et surrut	2nd sing.	olit surrut	et ollut surrut
3rd sing.		suri	ei surrut	3rd sing.	oli surrut	ei ollut surrut
1st plur.		surimme	emme surreet	1st plur.	olimme surreet	emme olleet surreet
2nd plur.		suritte	ette surreet	2nd plur.	olitte surreet	ette olleet surreet
3rd plur.		surivat	eivät surreet	3rd plur.	olivat surreet	eivät olleet surreet
passive		surtiin	ei surtu	passive	oli surtu	ei ollut surtu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		surisin	en surisi	1st sing.	olisin surrut	en olisi surrut
2nd sing.		surisit	et surisi	2nd sing.	olisit surrut	et olisi surrut
3rd sing.		surisi	ei surisi	3rd sing.	olisi surrut	ei olisi surrut
1st plur.		surisimme	emme surisi	1st plur.	olisimme surreet	emme olisi surreet
2nd plur.		surisitte	ette surisi	2nd plur.	olisitte surreet	ette olisi surreet
3rd plur.		surisivat	eivät surisi	3rd plur.	olisivat surreet	eivät olisi surreet
passive		surtaisiin	ei surtaisi	passive	olisi surtu	ei olisi surtu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		sure	älä sure	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		surkoon	älköön surko	3rd sing.	olkoon surrut	älköön olko surrut
1st plur.		surkaamme	älkäämme surko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		surkaa	älkää surko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		surkoot	älkööt surko	3rd plur.	olkoot surreet	älkööt olko surreet
passive		surtakoon	älköön surtako	passive	olkoon surtu	älköön olko surtu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		surren	en surre	1st sing.	lienen surrut	en liene surrut
2nd sing.		surret	et surre	2nd sing.	lienet surrut	et liene surrut
3rd sing.		surree	ei surre	3rd sing.	lienee surrut	ei liene surrut
1st plur.		surremme	emme surre	1st plur.	lienemme surreet	emme liene surreet
2nd plur.		surrette	ette surre	2nd plur.	lienette surreet	ette liene surreet
3rd plur.		surrevat	eivät surre	3rd plur.	lienevät surreet	eivät liene surreet
passive		surtaneen	ei surtane	passive	lienee surtu	ei liene surtu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		surra		present	sureva	surtava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st surrakseni surraksemme 2nd surraksesi surraksenne 3rd surrakseen surraksensa		past	surrut	surtu
2nd	inessive2	surressa	surtaessa	agent4	surema
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st surressani surressamme 2nd surressasi surressanne 3rd surressaan surressansa		negative	surematon
	instructive	surren	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	suremassa	—
	elative	suremasta	—
	illative	suremaan	—
	adessive	suremalla	—
	abessive	surematta	—
	instructive	sureman	surtaman
4th3	verbal noun	sureminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st suremaisillani suremaisillamme 2nd suremaisillasi suremaisillanne 3rd suremaisillaan suremaisillansa

Antonyms

• iloita

Derived terms

nouns

• surija
• surma
• suru

verbs

• sureksia
• surettaa

Related terms

• surma

Further reading

• “surra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *surdak (“to die”). Cognates include Finnish surra and Estonian surra.

The sense "to die" is a semantic loan from a Southern Finnic language, either Estonian surra or Votic surra.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsurːɑ/, [ˈs̠urː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsurːɑ/, [ˈʃurːɑ]
• Rhymes: -urː, -urːɑ
• Hyphenation: sur‧ra

Verb

surra

1. (intransitive) to mourn; grieve
2. (intransitive) to die; pass away
3. (transitive, usually atelic) to mourn; grieve

Conjugation

Conjugation of surra (type 11/pessä, no gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	suren	en sure	1st singular	oon surt, oon surrut	en oo surt, en oo surrut
2nd singular	suret	et sure	2nd singular	oot surt, oot surrut	et oo surt, et oo surrut
3rd singular	surroo	ei sure	3rd singular	ono surt, ono surrut	ei oo surt, ei oo surrut
1st plural	suremma	emmä sure	1st plural	oomma surreet	emmä oo surreet
2nd plural	suretta	että sure	2nd plural	ootta surreet	että oo surreet
3rd plural	surroot1), surevat2), surraa	evät sure, ei surra	3rd plural	ovat surreet	evät oo surreet, ei oo surtu
impersonal	surraa	ei surra	impersonal	ono surtu	ei oo surtu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	surin	en surt, en surrut	1st singular	olin surt, olin surrut	en olt surt, en olt surrut
2nd singular	surit	et surt, et surrut	2nd singular	olit surt, olit surrut	et olt surt, et olt surrut
3rd singular	suri	ei surt, ei surrut	3rd singular	oli surt, oli surrut	ei olt surt, ei olt surrut
1st plural	surimma	emmä surreet	1st plural	olimma surreet	emmä olleet surreet
2nd plural	suritta	että surreet	2nd plural	olitta surreet	että olleet surreet
3rd plural	surriit1), surivat2), surtii	evät surreet, ei surtu	3rd plural	olivat surreet	evät olleet surreet, ei olt surtu
impersonal	surtii	ei surtu	impersonal	oli surtu	ei olt surtu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	surisin	en suris	1st singular	olisin surt, olisin surrut	en olis surt, en olis surrut
2nd singular	surisit, surriist1)	et suris	2nd singular	olisit surt, olisit surrut	et olis surt, et olis surrut
3rd singular	suris	ei suris	3rd singular	olis surt, olis surrut	ei olis surt, ei olis surrut
1st plural	surisimma	emmä suris	1st plural	olisimma surreet	emmä olis surreet
2nd plural	surisitta	että suris	2nd plural	olisitta surreet	että olis surreet
3rd plural	surisiit1), surisivat2), surtais	evät suris, ei surtais	3rd plural	olisivat surreet	evät olis surreet, ei olis surtu
impersonal	surtais	ei surtais	impersonal	olis surtu	ei olis surtu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	sure	elä sure	2nd singular	oo surt, oo surrut	elä oo surt, elä oo surrut
3rd singular	surkoo	elköö surko	3rd singular	olkoo surt, olkoo surrut	elköö olko surt, elköö olko surrut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	surkaa	elkää surko	2nd plural	olkaa surreet	elkää olko surreet
3rd plural	surkoot	elkööt surko, elköö surtako	3rd plural	olkoot surreet	elkööt olko surreet, elköö olko surtu
impersonal	surtakoo	elköö surtako	impersonal	olkoo surtu	elköö olko surtu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	surren	en surre
2nd singular	surret	et surre
3rd singular	surroo	ei surre
1st plural	surremma	emmä surre
2nd plural	surretta	että surre
3rd plural	surroot	evät surre, ei surtane
impersonal	surtanoo	ei surtane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		surra	present	sureva	surtava
2nd	inessive	surrees	past	surt, surrut	surtu
	instructive	surren	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (surkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	suromaa
	inessive	suromaas
	elative	suromast
	abessive	suromata
4th	nominative	suromiin
	partitive	suromista, suromist

Synonyms

• (to mourn): tusata
• (to die): koolla, saavva hukkaa, (of animals) nukkua, tavveta

Derived terms

• suru

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 551

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Marathi [script needed] (sūra, “air breathed through the nostrils”), of imitative origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsur.ra/
• Rhymes: -urra
• Hyphenation: sùr‧ra

Noun

surra f (uncountable)

1. surra (disease of animals)

Further reading

• surra in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

surra (present tense surrar, past tense surra, past participle surra, passive infinitive surrast, present participle surrande, imperative surra/surr)

1. alternative form of surre

Anagrams

• surar

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ʁɐ/ [ˈsu.hɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ʁɐ/ [ˈsu.hɐ]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ʁɐ/ [ˈsu.χɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ʁa/ [ˈsu.ha]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ʁɐ/

• Rhymes: -uʁɐ
• Hyphenation: sur‧ra

Etymology 1

Deverbal from surrar (“to beat”).

Noun

surra f (plural surras)

1. (informal) beating, spanking
2. spanking on the buttocks
3. (Brazil, figuratively) a resounding defeat

Etymology 2

Verb

surra

1. inflection of surrar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “surra”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Swedish

Etymology

Of imitative origin, see also Danish sur.

Verb

surra (present surrar, preterite surrade, supine surrat, imperative surra)

1. to buzz (make a buzzing sound, of for example bees)

   surrande bin

   buzzing bees

2. to talk, to buzz (often of many people)

   Vad surrar ni om?

   What are you talking about?

3. to buzz (of rumors or the like)

   Rykten surrade i stan

   Rumors were buzzing about town

4. (sometimes with fast) to secure (for example cargo) with a rope

   Surra lasten, en storm är på väg

   Secure the cargo, a storm is coming

Conjugation

Conjugation of surra (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	surra		surras
supine	surrat		surrats
imperative	surra		—
imper. plural1	surren		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	surrar	surrade	surras	surrades
ind. plural1	surra	surrade	surras	surrades
subjunctive2	surre	surrade	surres	surrades
present participle		surrande
past participle		surrad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• surr

References

• surra in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• surra in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• surra in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• rusar, surar