tueor

Latin

Alternative forms

• tueō
• tuor

Etymology

Uncertain. De Vaan and Rix both postulate a root *tewH-. However, De Vaan suggests that the original meaning of the term was "to protect," which evolved into the meaning "to look." If this theory is accepted, then a connection with the root *tewh₂- (“to be strong”) becomes tenable. In either case, according to De Vaan, the term may derive from a Proto-Indo-European causative *towH-éye- or *towh₂-éye-. This verb would become Proto-Italic *tawe-, which may have developed into tueor via the reintroduction of -ow-. Alternatively, De Vaan postulates that *tetówh₂e, the stative form of the root *tewh₂-, could have produced the Latin verb via the same reintroduction of -ow-. Rix alternatively postulates an original Proto-Indo-European verb *tuH(h₁)yéti, which he considers to be a possible source of the Latin verb.

Compare typologically Russian пригля́дывать (prigljádyvatʹ) (< гляде́ть (gljadétʹ)), присма́тривать (prismátrivatʹ) (< смотре́ть (smotrétʹ)), призре́ть (prizrétʹ) (akin to взор (vzor)).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtu.e.ɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈt̪uː.e.or]

Verb

tueor (present infinitive tuērī, perfect active tuitus sum); second conjugation, deponent

1. to look or gaze at, behold, watch, view

   Synonyms: videō, intueor, vīsō, spectō, īnspectō, speciō, īnspiciō, suspiciō, invīsō

   tueri transversa ― to look sideways, to squint

2. to care for, guard, defend, protect, support, compensate or make up for

   Synonyms: salvō, tūtor, vindicō, cū̆stōdiō, sospitō, teneō, adimō, tegō, prōtegō, dēfendō, sustineō, adsum, ēripiō, arceō, servō, prohibeō

   Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō

   te amo, tua tueor ― I love you and care for you

   • Dum spīrāmus tuēbimur. ― Whilst we breathe, we shall defend. Motto of the US Army 133rd Field Artillery
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.563–564:

     “Rēs dūra et rēgnī novitās mē tālia cōgunt
     mōlīrī, et lātē fīnīs cūstōde tuērī.”

     “Difficult circumstances – and the newness of [my] realm – compel me to enact such [safeguards], and to defend with force its wide frontiers.”

3. to uphold, keep up, maintain, preserve

   ad omnes repentinos casus turrim tueri ― to protect the tower in all events

Conjugation

• The third principal part may also be tūtus sum.

   Conjugation of tueor (second conjugation, deponent)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	tueor		tuēris, tuēre		tuētur		tuēmur		tuēminī		tuentur
	imperfect	tuēbar		tuēbāris, tuēbāre		tuēbātur		tuēbāmur		tuēbāminī		tuēbantur
	future	tuēbor		tuēberis, tuēbere		tuēbitur		tuēbimur		tuēbiminī		tuēbuntur
	perfect	tuitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	tuitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	tuitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	tuear		tueāris, tueāre		tueātur		tueāmur		tueāminī		tueantur
	imperfect	tuērer		tuērēris, tuērēre		tuērētur		tuērēmur		tuērēminī		tuērentur
	perfect	tuitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	tuitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		tuēre		—		—		tuēminī		—
	future	—		tuētor		tuētor		—		—		tuentor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		tuērī			—			tuēns			—
future		tuitūrum esse			—			tuitūrus			tuendus
perfect		tuitum esse			—			tuitus			—
future perfect		tuitum fore			—			—			—
perfect potential		tuitūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		tuendī		tuendō		tuendum		tuendō		tuitum		tuitū

Derived terms

• circumtueor
• contueor
• intueor
• obtueor
• tuitiō
• tūtāmen
• tūtē
• tūtō
• tūtor
• tūtus

References

• “tueor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tueor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “tueor”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare: commoda alicuius tueri
    
  • to live up to one's reputation: famam ante collectam tueri, conservare
    
  • to do one's duty: officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare
    
  • to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill: rem familiarem tueri
    
  • to defend, strengthen the state: rem publicam tueri, stabilire
    
  • to guard, maintain one's dignity: dignitatem suam tueri, defendere, retinere, obtinere
    
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “tuition”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 632-633
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 639
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1079