arceo

See also: Arceo

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk-

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Proto-Indo-European *h₂orkéyeti

Proto-Italic *arkeō

Latin arceō

From Proto-Italic *arkeō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ork-éye-ti, causative present of the root *h₂erk- (“to protect”). Cognates include Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈar.ke.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈar.t͡ʃe.o]

Verb

arceō (present infinitive arcēre, perfect active arcuī, supine arcitum); second conjugation

(transitive) to keep off, keep away, ward off, reject, repel
- 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.481–482:
  Quae dea sit? Quārē famulās ā līmine templī
  arceat (arcet enim) lībaque tosta petat?
  Which goddess is she? Why does she keep away handmaids from the threshold of her temple (indeed she keeps [them] away), and asks for toasted cakes?
  (See: Mater Matuta.)
- early 16th century, Juan Luis Vives, De Disciplinis Libri XII De tradendis disciplinis liber III:
  Ante omnia arcendus puer ab authore, qui vitium poteſt fovere ac nutrire, quo is laboret : ut libidinoſus ab Ovidio, ſcurrilis a Martiale, maledicus & ſubſanator a Luciano, pronus ad impietatem a Lucretio, & pleriſque philoſophorum, Epicureis potiſſimum. Glorioſulo non multum conferet Cicero, niſi oſtendas […]
  Above all, a boy should be kept off from an author that may foster and nourish his vice, as he does his work: and so the lecherous should be kept away from Ovid, the wisecracker from Martial, the slanderous from Lucian, the prone to impiety from Lucretius and most philosophers, especially Epicureans. Cicero does not bring much to the braggart, unless you [go out of your way to] show him […]
(transitive) to prevent, hinder
(transitive) to confine, keep close
- 57 BCE, Cicero, De haruspicum responsis 5:
  Videbam illud scelus tam importunum, audaciam tam immanem adolescentis furentis, nobilis, vulnerati non posse arceri otii finibus
  1923 translation by N. H. Watts
  I saw that criminality so savage and effrontery so monstrous, displayed by a maddened and exasperated young nobleman, could not be kept within the limits of a peaceful existence
(transitive) to shut up, enclose
(transitive) to keep away, take off, move away, alienate
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 26.6:
  neque tam armati inrumpentibus Romanis resistebant quam quod15 porta ballistis scorpionibusque instructa missilibus procul hostes arcebat
  2020 translation by J. C. Yardley
  And resistance to the Romans as they attempted to break into the town was provided less by soldiers than by a gate equipped with ballistas and “scorpions” that kept their enemies at bay with projectiles.
- 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 2.735:
  Odi profanum vulgus et arceo
  I hate the ignorant crowd and keep them away
- 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses:
  arceor, o nati, nisi vos succurritis, aris
  I will be kept from the altars, o children, unless you come to my aid
(transitive) to defend, protect (from)

Conjugation

Conjugation of arceō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	arceō	arcēs		arcet	arcēmus	arcētis		arcent
	imperfect	arcēbam	arcēbās		arcēbat	arcēbāmus	arcēbātis		arcēbant
	future	arcēbō	arcēbis		arcēbit	arcēbimus	arcēbitis		arcēbunt
	perfect	arcuī	arcuistī		arcuit	arcuimus	arcuistis		arcuērunt, arcuēre
	pluperfect	arcueram	arcuerās		arcuerat	arcuerāmus	arcuerātis		arcuerant
	future perfect	arcuerō	arcueris		arcuerit	arcuerimus	arcueritis		arcuerint
passive	present	arceor	arcēris, arcēre		arcētur	arcēmur	arcēminī		arcentur
	imperfect	arcēbar	arcēbāris, arcēbāre		arcēbātur	arcēbāmur	arcēbāminī		arcēbantur
	future	arcēbor	arcēberis, arcēbere		arcēbitur	arcēbimur	arcēbiminī		arcēbuntur
	perfect	arcitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	arcitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	arcitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	arceam	arceās		arceat	arceāmus	arceātis		arceant
	imperfect	arcērem	arcērēs		arcēret	arcērēmus	arcērētis		arcērent
	perfect	arcuerim	arcuerīs		arcuerit	arcuerīmus	arcuerītis		arcuerint
	pluperfect	arcuissem	arcuissēs		arcuisset	arcuissēmus	arcuissētis		arcuissent
passive	present	arcear	arceāris, arceāre		arceātur	arceāmur	arceāminī		arceantur
	imperfect	arcērer	arcērēris, arcērēre		arcērētur	arcērēmur	arcērēminī		arcērentur
	perfect	arcitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	arcitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	arcē		—	—	arcēte		—
active	future	—	arcētō		arcētō	—	arcētōte		arcentō
passive	present	—	arcēre		—	—	arcēminī		—
passive	future	—	arcētor		arcētor	—	—		arcentor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		arcēre		arcērī		arcēns		—
future		arcitūrum esse		arcitum īrī		arcitūrus		arcendus
perfect		arcuisse		arcitum esse		—		arcitus
future perfect		—		arcitum fore		—		—
perfect potential		arcitūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		arcendī	arcendō		arcendum	arcendō	arcitum		arcitū

Synonyms

(ward off): dīvertō, dēviō, prōpulsō, āvertō, dēclīnō, dēflectō, flectō, āspernor, dēmoveō
(prevent): retineō, dētineō, prohibeō, impediō, sistō, resistō, exclūdō, supprimō, moror, refrēnō, cohibeō, cū̆nctor, obstō, saepiō, comprimō, intersaepiō, interclūdō, perimō, obstruō, officiō, reprimō, premō
(shut up): inclūdō, claudō, obserō
(confine): inclūdō, claudō, coërceō, minuō, urgeō
(defend): salvō, tūtor, vindicō, cū̆stōdiō, sospitō, teneō, adimō, prōtegō, tegō, dēfendō, sustineō, adsum, mūniō, ēripiō, tueor, servō
(take off): āvertō, sēgregō, auferō, ēripiō, dīripiō, tollō

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “prevent”): līberō, eximō, absolvō, vindicō, exonerō, servō, excipiō, ēmittō
(antonym(s) of “defend”): īnstō, aggredior, incurrō, impetō, invehō, immineō, obiectō
(antonym(s) of “shut up”): adaperiō, aperiō

Derived terms

Related terms

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “arceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51