塗炭

See also: 涂炭

Chinese

		to smear; daub	charcoal
trad. (塗炭)		塗	炭
simp. (涂炭)		涂	炭
Literally: “to be (mired) in mud and coal”.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tútàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou⁴ taan³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tútàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tútàn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu²-tʻan⁴
    • Yale: tú-tàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twutann
    • Palladius: тутань (tutanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou⁴ taan³
    • Yale: tòuh taan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou⁴ taan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou⁴ tan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/

Noun

塗炭

1. (literary) mire and charcoal ashes; (figurative) filthy place

   • 立於惡人之朝，與惡人言，如以朝衣朝冠坐於塗炭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     立于恶人之朝，与恶人言，如以朝衣朝冠坐于涂炭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Lì yú èrén zhī cháo, yǔ èrén yán, rú yǐ cháoyī cháo guān zuò yú tútàn. [Pinyin]

     To stand in a bad prince's court, or to speak with a bad man, would have been to him the same as to sit with his court robes and court cap amid mire and ashes.

2. (literary, figurative) harrowing situation; extreme distress; great affliction

   • 有夏昏德，民墜塗炭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     有夏昏德，民坠涂炭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Forged Old Text of the Book of Documents, circa 3^rd – 4^th century CE

     Yǒuxià hūndé, mín zhuì tútàn. [Pinyin]

     The sovereign of Xia had his virtue all-obscured, and the people were (as if they had fallen) amid mire and (burning) charcoal.

Verb

塗炭

1. (literary) to be in a harrowing situation; to be in great distress
2. (literary) to ravage or devastate such that one is in great distress

Derived terms

• 塗炭生民／涂炭生民
• 塗炭生靈／涂炭生灵 (tútànshēnglíng)
• 民墜塗炭／民坠涂炭
• 民生塗炭／民生涂炭
• 生民塗炭／生民涂炭
• 生靈塗炭／生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn)

 

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: lầm than (calque)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thô͘-thòaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tou⁵ tuan³

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thô͘-thòaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: thôo-thuànn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: to'tvoax
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰuã²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰuã²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tou⁵ tuan³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thôu thuàⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/

Noun

塗炭

1. (Southern Min) coal

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 煤 (“coal”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		煤, 烏金
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		煤, 煤炭
Mandarin	Beijing	煤
	Taiwan	煤
	Tianjin	煤
	Chengde	煤
	Tangshan	煤
	Cangzhou	煤
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	煤
	Baoding	煤
	Shijiazhuang	煤, 炭 fuel
	Chifeng	煤
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	煤
	Heihe	煤
	Qiqihar	煤, 炭 mined
	Harbin	煤
	Wuchang (Yingchengzi)	煤
	Jiamusi	煤
	Baicheng	煤
	Changchun	煤
	Tonghua	煤, 炭 mined
	Shenyang	煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
	Dandong	煤
	Jinzhou	煤, 煤炭 mined, 砟子 mined
	Dalian	煤
	Yantai	煤
	Qingdao	煤
	Lijin	煤
	Zhucheng	煤, 炭 mined
	Jinan	煤, 炭
	Jining	煤, 煤炭, 炭 fuel
	Wanrong	炭
	Shangqiu	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Yuanyang	煤, 炭 mined
	Zhengzhou	煤, 炭 mined
	Lingbao	煤
	Xinyang	煤, 炭 mined
	Ankang	煤, 煤炭
	Ankang (Xianhe)	煤, 煤炭
	Baihe	煤, 炭 mined
	Baihe (Maoping)	煤炭
	Shiquan	煤炭
	Ziyang	煤炭
	Hanzhong	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Xi'an	煤, 炭 mined, 煤炭 mined
	Dingbian	炭
	Baoji	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Yinchuan	煤, 炭 mined
	Tianshui	煤, 石炭 mined
	Lanzhou	煤, 炭 mined
	Dunhuang	煤, 砟子 fuel
	Xining	煤, 石煤 mined
	Hami	煤
	Ürümqi	煤
	Wuhan	煤, 炭 mined
	Yichang	煤
	Xiangyang	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Tianmen	煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
	Hong'an	煤, 煤炭, 炭
	Chengdu	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Nanchong	煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
	Dazhou	煤炭 mined, 薪炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
	Hanyuan	炭, 煤 fuel
	Xichang	煤, 炭 mined
	Zigong	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Chongqing	煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Guiyang	煤, 烏金 mined, 鋼炭 mined, 炭 mined
Bijie	煤炭, 煤 fuel
Liping	煤
Zhaotong	炭
Dali	煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel
Kunming	煤, 煤炭 mined
Mengzi	煤 mined, 炭 fuel
Guilin	煤, 煤炭 mined
Pingle	煤
Liuzhou	煤
Luzhai	煤
Nanning (Xiakuojie)	煤
Nanning (Fujian)	煤
Nanning (Wuming)	煤
Binyang (Nanjie)	煤
Yizhou	煤
Luocheng (Dongmen)	煤, 煤炭
Tianlin (Langping)	煤
Jishou	煤
Changde	煤, 炭 mined
Yongzhou	煤炭
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	煤
Anqing	煤
Xuzhou	煤, 炭 mined
Fuyang	煤
Wuhu	煤, 煤炭 mined
Yangzhou	煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Lianyungang	煤, 炭 mined
Lianshui	煤
Nanjing	煤
Hefei	煤, 煤炭 mined
Nantong	煤, 炭 mined
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	煤, 煤炭
Dagudi (Maliba)	煤
Reshuitang (Longling)	煤
Mae Salong (Lancang)	煤
Mae Sai (Tengchong)	煤
Cantonese	Guangzhou	煤
	Hong Kong	煤
	Taishan (Guanghai)	煤
	Yangjiang	煤
	Wuzhou	煤
	Baise	煤
	Qinzhou	煤
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	煤
	Beihai	煤
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	煤炭
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	煤
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	煤炭
	Lingchuan (Yangjia)	煤
	Pingle (Majia)	煤
	Pingle (Shuishan)	煤
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	煤
	Móng Cái	煤炭
	Mandalay (Taishan)	煤
Gan	Nanchang	煤炭
	Pengze	煤
Hakka	Meixian	煤, 石炭
	Bobai (Lingping)	煤
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	煤
	Lipu (Shuangduitun)	煤
	Pingle (Tong'an)	煤
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	煤
Huizhou	Shexian	煤
Jin	Taiyuan	煤 soot, 炭 piece
	Pingyao	炭
	Yangyuan	煤, 炭 mined
	Datong	炭
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	炭
	Xinzhou	炭
	Lishi	煤, 炭 mined
	Linfen	煤, 炭 mined
	Changzhi	煤, 炭 mined, 炭圪拉得 mined
	Linhe	炭
	Jining	炭
	Liangcheng	煤
	Hohhot	煤, 炭 mined
	Erenhot	煤 mined, 炭
	Pingshan	煤, 炭 mined
	Zhangjiakou	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Handan	煤, 炭 mined
	Linzhou	煤, 炭 mined
	Suide	炭, 石炭 mined
Jiuxing Yumin	Jiande	煤
	Jinhua	煤
	Lanxi	煤
	Tunxi	煤
Northern Min	Jian'ou	煤, 煤炭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	煤
	Fuqing	煤
	Gutian	煤
	Pingnan	煤
	Fu'an	煤
	Shouning	煤
Southern Min	Xiamen	塗炭, 煤
	Guilin (Biyange)	煤
	Chaozhou	塗炭, 煤
	Shantou	煤
	Jieyang	煤
	Pontianak (Teochew)	煤
Puxian Min	Xianyou	煤
Central Min	Yanping (Wangtai)	煤
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	煤
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	煤
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dongbianzhou)	煤
	Lingchuan (Sanjie)	煤
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	煤
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	煤
	Luxi (Liangjiatan)	煤
	Chengbu (Xuntou)	煤
Wu	Shanghai (Songjiang)	煤
	Suzhou	煤
	Wenzhou	煤
	Yiwu	煤
Xiang	Changsha	煤炭, 煤
	Shuangfeng	煤炭
	Hengshan	煤炭
	Hengshan (Baiguo)	煤炭

Derived terms

• 塗炭屎／涂炭屎