煤

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煤 U+7164, 煤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7164
← 煣
[U+7163] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 煥 →
[U+7165]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

煤 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 火廿一木 (FTMD), four-corner 94894, composition ⿰火某)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 677, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19220
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1088, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2214, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+7164

Chinese[edit]

trad. 煤
simp. # 煤
2nd round simp. 𭳿

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (某) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
某 *mɯʔ
謀 *mɯ
媒 *mɯː
煤 *mɯː
腜 *mɯː
禖 *mɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 某 (OC *mɯʔ).

Etymology[edit]

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to 火, PST *mej?”

Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possibilities:

  • Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-mu² (“soot; acrid (smoke)”). If related, a merger of Minimal Old Chinese *ə with *o must have occurred.
  • Cognate with Mizo mang (maŋᴿ), man (manᴸ, “sooty”), Mizo mang (maŋᴴ, “partially burnt wood”).

文 (OC *mɯn) may be a derivation with -n nominal suffix. 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”) may be an allofam. Unrelated to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”) according to Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: mei2 - found in 無煙煤.
Rime
Character 煤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫杯切
Baxter mwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muoi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwəj/
Li
Rong 		/muᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/muɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/muɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		méi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mui4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 煤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		méi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁə/
English soot; coal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 煤
Reading # 1/1
No. 9278
Phonetic
component 		某
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		枚
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯː/
Notes 見呂氏春秋

Definitions[edit]

煤

  1. coal (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c)
  2. † dust of smoke; soot
  3. † ink

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 煤 (“coal”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 煤, 烏金
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 煤, 煤炭
Mandarin Beijing 煤
Taiwan 煤
Tianjin 煤
Chengde 煤
Tangshan 煤
Cangzhou 煤
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 煤
Baoding 煤
Shijiazhuang 煤, 炭 fuel
Chifeng 煤
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 煤
Heihe 煤
Qiqihar 煤, 炭 mined
Harbin 煤
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 煤
Jiamusi 煤
Baicheng 煤
Changchun 煤
Tonghua 煤, 炭 mined
Shenyang 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Dandong 煤
Jinzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 砟子 mined
Dalian 煤
Yantai 煤
Qingdao 煤
Lijin 煤
Zhucheng 煤, 炭 mined
Jinan 煤, 炭
Jining 煤, 煤炭, 炭 fuel
Wanrong 炭
Shangqiu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Yuanyang 煤, 炭 mined
Zhengzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Lingbao 煤
Xinyang 煤, 炭 mined
Ankang 煤, 煤炭
Ankang (Xianhe) 煤, 煤炭
Baihe 煤, 炭 mined
Baihe (Maoping) 煤炭
Shiquan 煤炭
Ziyang 煤炭
Hanzhong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Xi'an 煤, 炭 mined, 煤炭 mined
Dingbian 炭
Baoji 煤, 煤炭 mined
Yinchuan 煤, 炭 mined
Tianshui 煤, 石炭 mined
Lanzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Dunhuang 煤, 砟子 fuel
Xining 煤, 石煤 mined
Hami 煤
Ürümqi 煤
Wuhan 煤, 炭 mined
Yichang 煤
Xiangyang 煤, 煤炭 mined
Tianmen 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Hong'an 煤, 煤炭, 炭
Chengdu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Nanchong 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Dazhou 煤炭 mined, 薪炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Hanyuan 炭, 煤 fuel
Xichang 煤, 炭 mined
Zigong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Chongqing 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Guiyang 煤, 烏金 mined, 鋼炭 mined, 炭 mined
Bijie 煤炭, 煤 fuel
Liping 煤
Zhaotong 炭
Dali 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel
Kunming 煤, 煤炭 mined
Mengzi 煤 mined, 炭 fuel
Guilin 煤, 煤炭 mined
Pingle 煤
Liuzhou 煤
Luzhai 煤
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 煤
Nanning (Fujian) 煤
Nanning (Wuming) 煤
Binyang (Nanjie) 煤
Yizhou 煤
Luocheng (Dongmen) 煤, 煤炭
Tianlin (Langping) 煤
Jishou 煤
Changde 煤, 炭 mined
Yongzhou 煤炭
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 煤
Anqing 煤
Xuzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Fuyang 煤
Wuhu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Yangzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Lianyungang 煤, 炭 mined
Lianshui 煤
Nanjing 煤
Hefei 煤, 煤炭 mined
Nantong 煤, 炭 mined
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 煤, 煤炭
Dagudi (Maliba) 煤
Reshuitang (Longling) 煤
Mae Salong (Lancang) 煤
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 煤
Cantonese Guangzhou 煤
Hong Kong 煤
Taishan (Guanghai) 煤
Yangjiang 煤
Wuzhou 煤
Baise 煤
Qinzhou 煤
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 煤
Beihai 煤
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 煤炭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 煤
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 煤炭
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 煤
Pingle (Majia) 煤
Pingle (Shuishan) 煤
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 煤
Móng Cái 煤炭
Mandalay (Taishan) 煤
Gan Nanchang 煤炭
Pengze 煤
Hakka Meixian 煤, 石炭
Bobai (Lingping) 煤
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 煤
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 煤
Pingle (Tong'an) 煤
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 煤
Huizhou Shexian 煤
Jin Taiyuan 煤 soot, 炭 piece
Pingyao 炭
Yangyuan 煤, 炭 mined
Datong 炭
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 炭
Xinzhou 炭
Lishi 煤, 炭 mined
Linfen 煤, 炭 mined
Changzhi 煤, 炭 mined, 炭圪拉得 mined
Linhe 炭
Jining 炭
Liangcheng 煤
Hohhot 煤, 炭 mined
Erenhot 煤 mined, 炭
Pingshan 煤, 炭 mined
Zhangjiakou 煤, 煤炭 mined
Handan 煤, 炭 mined
Linzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Suide 炭, 石炭 mined
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 煤
Jinhua 煤
Lanxi 煤
Tunxi 煤
Northern Min Jian'ou 煤, 煤炭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 煤
Fuqing 煤
Gutian 煤
Pingnan 煤
Fu'an 煤
Shouning 煤
Southern Min Xiamen 塗炭, 煤
Guilin (Biyange) 煤
Chaozhou 塗炭, 煤
Shantou 煤
Jieyang 煤
Pontianak (Teochew) 煤
Puxian Min Xianyou 煤
Central Min Yanping (Wangtai) 煤
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 煤
Southern Pinghua Binyang 煤
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 煤
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 煤
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 煤
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 煤
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 煤
Chengbu (Xuntou) 煤
Wu Shanghai (Songjiang) 煤
Suzhou 煤
Wenzhou 煤
Yiwu 煤
Xiang Changsha 煤炭, 煤
Shuangfeng 煤炭
Hengshan 煤炭
Hengshan (Baiguo) 煤炭

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Guiqiong: mɛi (“coal”)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

煤

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
煤
すす
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Possibly related to 炭 (sumi, “cinder; charcoal”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

煤(すす) • (susu) 

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
  2. sooted dirt or dust accumulated in ceilings, walls, etc.
  3. Short for 煤色 (susuiro): a shade of black as in the color of soot
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
煤
ばい
Jinmeiyō
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 煤 (MC mwoj). Compare modern Min Nan reading bôe.

Affix[edit]

煤(ばい) • (bai) 

  1. soot
  2. coal
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Further reading[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

煤 (eumhun 그을음 매 (geueureum mae))

  1. Hanja form? of 매 (“soot”).

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

煤

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
煤
しーし
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Cognate with Japanese 煤 (susu).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

煤(しーし) (shīshi) 

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

煤 (susu) (kana すす)

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
    • 711–712, Kojiki, (Kuni-yuzuri):
      ...登陀流天之新巢之凝烟訓凝姻云州須之八拳垂摩弖燒擧麻弖二字以音
      ...in Takama-nö-para the soot (凝姻 is read as susu) hangs down eight hands long (the two characters 摩弖 are pronounced made).[1]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Japanese: 煤 (susu)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Donald L. Philippi (2015) Kojiki (Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 136

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

煤: Hán Nôm readings: môi, muồi, mai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni[edit]

Kanji[edit]

煤 (hiragana ちち, romaji chichi)

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Japanese 煤 (susu).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

煤 (hiragana ちち, romaji chichi)

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
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