鞠躬

Chinese

		to bring up; to rear; surname	body; oneself; personally body; oneself; personally; to bow
trad. (鞠躬)		鞠	躬
simp. #(鞠躬)		鞠	躬

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jūgōng, júgōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ ㄍㄨㄥ, ㄐㄩˊ ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹ gung¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): jiuh⁶ gung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiuk-kiûng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiok-kiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giog⁴ giong¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jūgōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyugong
    • Wade–Giles: chü¹-kung¹
    • Yale: jyū-gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiugong
    • Palladius: цзюйгун (czjujgun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 居功 鞠躬

      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: júgōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyúgong
    • Wade–Giles: chü²-kung¹
    • Yale: jyú-gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyugong
    • Palladius: цзюйгун (czjujgun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: guk¹ gung¹
    • Yale: gūk gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷ gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gug¹ gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: jiuh⁶ gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiuʔ⁵ kuŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk-kiûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiug` giung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiug⁵ giung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚² ki̯uŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-kiong
    • Tâi-lô: kiok-kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiokkiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giog⁴ giong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiok kiong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiok̚²⁻⁴ kioŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: kjuwk kjuwng

Rime
Character	鞠	躬
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居六切	居戎切
Baxter	kjuwk	kjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuk̚/	/kɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuk̚/	/kiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuk̚/	/kiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwk̚/	/kuwŋ/
Li Rong	/kiuk̚/	/kiuŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭuk̚/	/kĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uk̚/	/ki̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ju	jiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk1	gung1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuɡ  kuŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鞠	躬
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	7006	4141
Phonetic component	匊	躬
Rime group	覺	終
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	菊	弓
Old Chinese	/*kuɡ/	/*kuŋ/
Notes		同躳

Verb

鞠⫽躬 (verb-object)

1. to bow; to make a bow

   鞠了一躬  ―  jū le yī gōng  ―  to make a bow (once)

Derived terms

• 三鞠躬

 

Adjective

鞠躬

1. (literary) discreet and scrupulous

Synonyms

• 不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
• 仔細／仔细 (zǐxì)
• 嚴／严 (yán)
• 嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
• 嚴謹／严谨 (yánjǐn)
• 密切 (mìqiè)
• 審慎／审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
• 小心 (xiǎoxīn)
• 慎密 (shènmì)
• 慎重 (shènzhòng)
• 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
• 板正 (bǎnzhèng)
• 正經／正经
• 當心／当心 (dāngxīn)
• 精心 (jīngxīn)
• 精細／精细 (jīngxì)
• 細心／细心 (xìxīn)
• 細膩／细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
• 認真／认真 (rènzhēn)
• 謹嚴／谨严 (jǐnyán)
• 謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
• 較真／较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
• 過細／过细 (guòxì)

 

Derived terms

• 盡瘁鞠躬／尽瘁鞠躬
• 鞠躬盡瘁／鞠躬尽瘁 (jūgōngjìncuì)
• 鞠躬盡瘁，死而後已／鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已 (jū gōng jìn cuì, sǐ ér hòu yǐ)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鞠躬):

• → Japanese: 鞠躬(きっきゅう) (kikkyū)
• → Korean: 국궁(鞠躬) (gukgung)
• → Vietnamese: cúc cung (鞠躬)