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See also: , , and つ゚

U+3064, つ
HIRAGANA LETTER TU

[U+3063]
Hiragana
[U+3065]

Japanese

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Stroke order
1 stroke

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨ]
  • Audio:(file)

Etymology 1

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Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji in the cursive sōsho style.

Syllable

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(tsu

  1. The hiragana syllable (tsu). Its equivalent in katakana is (tsu). It is the eighteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is (ta-gyō u-dan, row ta, section u).
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Etymology 2

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⟨tu⟩/t͡su/

From Old Japanese. According to one theory (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?), shortened from () (<utu> → utsu, throw away, discard).

Suffix

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(-tsu

  1. (Classical Japanese) indicates the completion of an action
  2. (Classical Japanese) indicates certainty
  3. (Classical Japanese) indicates affirmation
  4. (Classical Japanese, in the form ...tsu ...tsu) shows parallel action
Usage notes
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  • 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, lower bigrade conjugation). Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of a verb.
  • (tsu) is mainly used with transitive verbs while (nu) is mainly used with intransitive verbs.
  • This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, auxiliary verb) in traditional Japanese grammar.
Conjugation
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Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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⟨tu⟩/t͡su/

From Old Japanese.

There were some variants found in the old documents, starting with alveolar consonants like (no), (na), (su), (shi), (te) etc.[1]

Yamada (1913) proposed that it is cognate with Old Korean (-s) (whence Middle Korean (-s)). [2] However, the phonology does not match, and there is a distinct vestigial medial -s- that appears in certain ancient Japanese terms, such as 春雨 (harusame, possibly haru ("spring") + -s- (genitive) + ame ("rain")), 新稲 (nīshine, possibly ("new") + -s- (genitive) + ine ("rice")), 真青 (masao, possibly ma ("true, real") + -s- (genitive) + ao ("blue")).

Particle

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(tsu

  1. (archaic, obsolete) genitive or possessive marker
    (とよ)(あし)(はらの)(なかつ)(くに)
    Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
    Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
    (あま)(かぜ)
    ama tsu kaze
    wind blowing from the heavens
    (くに)(かみ)
    kuni tsu kami
    kami of the land
Usage notes
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A few terms in modern Japanese have been derived from the possessive marker tsu:

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Etymology 4

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Alternative spellings

From Old Japanese.

Counter

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(-tsu

  1. suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ... , kokono-, used to count almost anything
    Synonym: (-ko)
Derived terms
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Japanese number-counter combinations for (tsu)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 How many?
(ひと) (hitotsu) (ふた) (futatsu) (みっ) (mittsu)
() (mitsu)
(よっ) (yottsu)
() (yotsu)
(いつ) (itsutsu) (むっ) (muttsu)
() (mutsu)
(なな) (nanatsu) (やっ) (yattsu)
() (yatsu)
(ここの) (kokonotsu) (いく) (ikutsu)

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Etymology 5

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Noun

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(tsu

  1. : harbor, port; ferry

Proper noun

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(Tsu

  1. : a place name
  2. : a surname

Etymology 6

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Noun

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(tsu

  1. : saliva, spit

Etymology 7

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Probably from kaomoji such as (´・ω・)つ旦, which represents serving tea.

Symbol

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  1. (Internet slang) Representing a hand handing something over.
See also
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References

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  1. ^ Choi Kun-Sik (崔建植) (1999) “上代籍帳の人名における連体助詞「つ」について”, in 文学史研究 40[1]
  2. ^ Yamada, Yoshio (1913) 奈良朝文法史