이: difference between revisions
→Etymology 9: usage note about using -i and -hi to make an adverb |
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{{ko-suffix}} |
{{ko-suffix}} |
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# (after a stem of an adjective) a suffix deriving an adverb. [[-ly]]. |
# (after a stem of an adjective) a suffix deriving an adverb. [[-ly]]. |
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#* {{ko-l| |
#* {{ko-l|다르다||different}} + {{ko-l|이}} → {{ko-l|달리||unlike; differently}} |
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#* {{ko-l|슬프다||sad}} + {{ko-l|이}} → {{ko-l|슬피||sadly}} |
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# (after repeating a single-syllable noun) a suffix deriving an adverb. |
# (after repeating a single-syllable noun) a suffix deriving an adverb. |
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#* {{ko-l|달||a month}} ×2 + {{ko-l|이}} → {{ko-l|다달이||month by month}} |
#* {{ko-l|달||a month}} ×2 + {{ko-l|이}} → {{ko-l|다달이||month by month}} |
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#* {{ko-l|간||interval|間}} ×2 + {{ko-l|이}} → {{ko-l|간간이||at times}} |
#* {{ko-l|간||interval|間}} ×2 + {{ko-l|이}} → {{ko-l|간간이||at times}} |
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====Usage notes==== |
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The suffix -i is used for adjectives ''not'' ending in -hada, and the suffix -hi is implemented for that case. |
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For example, {{ko-l|많다||many}} turns into {{ko-l|많이||a lot}} whereas {{ko-l|깔끔하다||neat}} becomes {{ko-l|깔끔히||neatly}}. |
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However, if -hada is suffixed after consonants '''k''' and '''s''', -i is ''sometimes'' used rather than -hi, as in {{ko-l|깊숙이||deeply}} from {{ko-l|깊숙하다||deep}} and {{ko-l|깨끗이||cleanly}} from {{ko-l|깨끗하다||clean}}, while many adjectives like {{ko-l|솔직하다||frank}} still take -hi. Whether to use -i or -hi depends on its pronunciation, which is very confusing even to natives.<ref>http://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nknews/200404/69_3.html</ref> |
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The conjugation for this suffix is similar to the infinite form, but not the same. Especially, the ''p-irregular'' adjectives (ㅂ 불규칙 용언) take 이 (i) not 위 (wi); for instance, {{ko-l|가깝다||near}} → {{ko-l|가까이||nearly}}. |
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Also, note that only a limited number of adverbs are frequently used which are formed by affixing -i or -hi. |
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====See also==== |
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* -{{ko-l|히}} |
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<references/> |
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===Etymology 10=== |
===Etymology 10=== |
Revision as of 04:11, 14 January 2015
Template:Hangul Syllables character info
Cia-Cia
Preposition
이 (i)
Korean
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
이익읶읷인읹읺 읻일읽읾읿잀잁 잂잃임입잆잇있 잉잊잋잌잍잎잏 | |
의 ← | → 자 |
---|
Syllable
(deprecated template usage) 이 • (i)
- (deprecated template usage) A Hangul syllabic block made up of ㅇ and ㅣ.
Etymology 2
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 니 (Yale: ni).
Noun
이 • (i)
Alternative forms
- 니 (ni) (archaic, now suffixal)
Synonyms
Derived terms
- 덧니 (deonni, “snaggletooth/teeth”)
- 송곳니 (songgonni, “canine tooth/teeth”)
- 아랫니 (araenni, “lower tooth/teeth”)
- 앞니 (amni, “incisor(s)”)
- 윗니 (winni, “upper tooth/teeth”)
- 어금니 (eogeumni, “molar(s)”)
Etymology 3
First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 니 (Yale: ni).
Noun
이 • (i)
Derived terms
- 거웃니 (geounni, “pubic louse”)
- 닭니 (dangni, “bird louse”)
- 머릿니 (meorinni, “head louse”)
- 사면발니 (samyeonballi, “crab louse”)
- 옷엣니 (odenni, “body louse”)
Etymology 4
First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum eonhae (訓民正音諺解本 / 훈민정음언해본), 1446, as Middle Korean 이 (Yale: i).
Determiner
이 • (i)
- this
- 이 그림을 본 적이 있다. (i geurimeul bon jeogi itda.) I have seen this picture.
Pronoun
이 • (i)
See also
Korean demonstratives edit | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Determiner | 이 | 그 | 저 | 어느 | |
Pronoun | Human | 이이 | 그이 | 저이 | 뉘 |
이분 | 그분 | 저분 | 어느 분 | ||
이자 | 그자 | 저자 | |||
얘 | 걔 | 쟤 | |||
Object | 이 | (그) | (저) | 어느 | |
이것 | 그것 | 저것 | 어느 것 | ||
이거 | 그거 | 저거 | 어느 거 | ||
Place | 여기 | 거기 | 저기 | 어디 | |
이곳 | 그곳 | 저곳 | 어느 곳 | ||
Direction | 이쪽 | 그쪽 | 저쪽 | 어느 쪽 | |
Time | 이때 | 그때 | 접때 | 언제 | |
Verb | 이러다 | 그러다 | 저러다 | 어쩌다 | |
이리하다 | 그리하다 | 저리하다 | 어찌하다 | ||
Adjective | 이렇다 | 그렇다 | 저렇다 | 어떻다 | |
이러하다 | 그러하다 | 저러하다 | 어떠하다 | ||
Adverb | 이리 | 그리 | 저리 | 어찌 | |
이렇게 | 그렇게 | 저렇게 | 어떻게 | ||
이만큼 | 그만큼 | 저만큼 | 얼마만큼(얼마큼) |
Etymology 5
Of native Korean origin. Possibly cognate with (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese (deprecated template usage) い (i, emphatic nominative particle).
Particle
이 • (i)
- A particle marking a grammatical subject ending with a consonant.
- A particle marking a grammatical complement ending with a consonant, before 되다 (doeda, “to become”) and 아니다 (anida, “(to be) not”).
이 • (i)
- A semantic particle which adheres to and puts emphasis on a noun or an adverb.
Synonyms
- 가 (ga) (marks a grammatical subject ending with a vowel)
See also
- 은 (eun) (marks a topic word or phrase ending with a consonant)
- 는 (neun) (marks a topic word or phrase ending with a vowel)
- 을 (eul) (marks a direct object ending with a consonant)
- 를 (reul) (marks a direct object ending with a vowel)
- い (i); emphatic nominative marker in Old Japanese
Etymology 6
Of native Korean origin.
Derivational suffix
—이 • (-i)
- a suffix deriving a passive verb.
—이 • (-i)
- a suffix deriving a causative verb.
- 저는 희망을 봅니다. (jeoneun huimang'eul bomnida., “I see hope.”) → 저는 이분들께 희망을 보여 드리고 싶습니다. (jeoneun ibundeulkke huimang'eul boyeo deurigo sipseumnida., “I want to show these people hope.”)
- 천장이 높군. (cheonjang'i nopgun., “The ceiling is high.”) → 천장을 높이어야(하)겠군. (cheonjang'eul nopieoya(ha)getgun., “I guess the ceiling needs raising.”)
Synonyma
- -히 (hi)/리 (ri)/기 (gi)- : suffixes deriving passive verbs.
- -히 (hi)/리 (ri)/기 (gi)/우 (u)/구 (gu)/추 (chu)- : suffixes deriving causative verbs.
Etymology 7
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 이 (Yale: i).
Noun
이 • (i)
- (dependent) a person.
Etymology 8
Of native Korean origin.
Derivational suffix
—이 • (-i)
- (after a stem of a verb or an adjective) a suffix deriving a noun.
- (in the form of a noun + a stem of a verb + suffix 이) a suffix deriving a noun, adding a meaning of a person, an item, or an event. -er.
- a suffix deriving a noun, adding a meaning of a person or an item. -er.
Etymology 9
Of native Korean origin.
Derivational suffix
—이 • (-i)
- (after a stem of an adjective) a suffix deriving an adverb. -ly.
- (after repeating a single-syllable noun) a suffix deriving an adverb.
Usage notes
The suffix -i is used for adjectives not ending in -hada, and the suffix -hi is implemented for that case. For example, 많다 (manta, “many”) turns into 많이 (mani, “a lot”) whereas 깔끔하다 (kkalkkeumhada, “neat”) becomes 깔끔히 (kkalkkeumhi, “neatly”). However, if -hada is suffixed after consonants k and s, -i is sometimes used rather than -hi, as in 깊숙이 (gipsugi, “deeply”) from 깊숙하다 (gipsukhada, “deep”) and 깨끗이 (kkaekkeusi, “cleanly”) from 깨끗하다 (kkaekkeuthada, “clean”), while many adjectives like 솔직하다 (soljikhada, “frank”) still take -hi. Whether to use -i or -hi depends on its pronunciation, which is very confusing even to natives.[1]
The conjugation for this suffix is similar to the infinite form, but not the same. Especially, the p-irregular adjectives (ㅂ 불규칙 용언) take 이 (i) not 위 (wi); for instance, 가깝다 (gakkapda, “near”) → 가까이 (gakkai, “nearly”).
Also, note that only a limited number of adverbs are frequently used which are formed by affixing -i or -hi.
See also
- -히 (hi)
Etymology 10
Of native Korean origin.
Inflectional suffix
—이 • (-i)
- (after the stem of the sequential form of an adjective) one of the familiar style declarative endings.
Etymology 11
Korean reading of various Chinese characters.
Alternative forms
- 리 (ri) (North Korean) (for many but not all characters)
Noun
이 • (i)
- 理 (deprecated template usage) (philosophy) (cosmic) reason
Numeral
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "hidx" is not used by this template.
Usage notes
- Used primarily with Sino-Korean count words, or in reading numbers literally.
Proper noun
Hanja in this term |
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- The second most common Korean surname, South Korean spelling.
Usage notes
- Most commonly romanized as Lee. Other romanizations include Li, Yi, Ri, and Rhee. It is written as 리 (Ri) in North Korea.
Syllable
이 (i)
- 李: plum tree
- 二: two
- 理: ruling
- 里: village
- 利: beneficial
- 以: 써
- 異: other
- 移: moving
- 伊: that
- 離: leaving
- 耳: ear
- 梨: pear tree
- 吏: petty official
- 而: continuing speech
- 易: easy
- 已: already
- 夷: barbarian
- 貳: two
- 彛:
- 怡:
- 爾:
- 裏:
- 履:
- 裡:
- 痍:
- 珥:
- 痢:
- 餌:
- 姨:
- 飴:
- 泥:
- 罹:
- 肄:
- 苡:
- 荑:
- 貽:
- 邇:
Synonyms
(two): 둘 (dul) (native Korean)
Coordinate terms
- Cia-Cia lemmas
- Cia-Cia prepositions
- Korean lemmas
- Korean syllables
- Korean entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Korean entries with language name categories using raw markup
- Hangul syllabic blocks
- Korean syllables without final
- Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean
- Korean terms derived from Middle Korean
- Native Korean words
- Korean nouns
- Korean determiners
- Korean pronouns
- Korean particles
- Korean suffixes
- ko:Philosophy
- Korean cardinal numbers
- Korean numeral symbols
- Korean proper nouns
- Hanja readings
- Sino-Korean words
- ko:Anatomy
- ko:Insects
- Korean inflectional suffixes