brad

See also: Brad, brád, Brád, bráð, and bråd

English

Etymology

Late Middle English brad, variant of brod(d), from Old Norse broddr (“spike, shaft”), from Proto-Germanic *bruzdaz (compare Old English brord, Old High German brort), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrusdʰos (compare Welsh brath (“sting, prick”), Albanian bredh (“fir-tree”), Lithuanian bruzdùklis (“bridle”), Czech brzda (“brake”). Doublet of prod.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /bɹad/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American, Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /bɹæd/
• Rhymes: -æd

Noun

brad (plural brads)

A brad (stationery fastener)

1. A thin, small nail, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head, or occasionally with a small domed head, similar to that of an escutcheon pin.
   • 1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber, published 2007, page 5:

     Into the middle arch of each desk silver-headed brads had been hammered to form a lion, a bear, a ram, a dove, and in the midst a flaming torch.

2. (US, elementary school usage) A paper fastener, a fastening device formed of thin, soft metal, such as shim brass, with a round head and a flat, split shank, which is spread after insertion in a hole in a stack of pages, in much the same way as a cotter pin or a split rivet.

Derived terms

• bradawl

Translations

thin finishing nail

• Bulgarian: клинец m (klinec)
• Finnish: uppokantanaula
• Greek: πρόκα (el) f (próka)
• Tagalog: kalabito, pakong-aspile

paper fastener — see paper fastener

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Mandarin: ^{(please verify)} 活页纸书钉

Verb

brad (third-person singular simple present brads, present participle bradding, simple past and past participle bradded)

1. (transitive) To attach using a brad.
2. (transitive) To upset the end of a rod inserted in a hole so as to prevent it from being pulled out, as when riveting.

Anagrams

• Bard, darb, bard, drab, BARD

Aromanian

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Old Albanian *bradh (modern bredh), or alternatively a substrate cognate of it, and ultimately from an Indo-European source either way (a borrowing directly from modern Albanian would have presumably produced a form *brez).

Noun

brad m (plural bradz)

1. fir tree

Derived terms

• brãdic
• brãdet

See also

• ehlã/iehlã
• chin

Bavarian

Alternative forms

• broad (West Central Bavarian, South Central Bavarian)
• broat (Tyrol)

Etymology

From Middle High German breit, from Old High German breit, from Proto-West Germanic *braid, from Proto-Germanic *braidaz. Cognates include German breit, Yiddish ברייט (breyt), Dutch breed, Old Norse breiðr, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (braiþs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b̥rɑːd̥/

Adjective

brad (comparative brader, superlative braderstn) (East Central Bavarian, Carinthia, Vienna)

1. broad, wide
2. long (of a distance)

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbrat]

Noun

brad f

1. genitive plural of brada

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse bráð, from from Proto-Germanic *brēdô, cognate with German Braten.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈb̥ʁɑð], [ˈb̥ʁɑˀð]

Noun

brad c (singular definite braden, plural indefinite brade)

1. (archaic) roast

Declension

Declension of brad

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	brad	braden	brade	bradene
genitive	brads	bradens	brades	bradenes

Derived terms

• mørbrad

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bráðr, from Proto-Germanic *brēþaz (“in a hurry”), cognate with Swedish bråd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈb̥ʁɑˀð]

Adjective

brad (neuter bradt, plural and definite singular attributive brade)

1. (archaic) sudden, quick

References

• “brad,2” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bˠɾˠad̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish brat (“spoil, plunder, robbery”), perhaps ultimately related to the root of brath (“betrayal, deception”).

Noun

brad f (genitive singular braide)

1. (literary) plunder

Declension

Declension of brad

Second declension

Bare forms (no plural form of this noun) Case Singular Nominative brad Vocative a bhrad Genitive braide Dative brad braid (archaic, dialectal)

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Nominative an bhrad Genitive na braide Dative leis an mbrad leis an mbraid (archaic, dialectal) don bhrad don bhraid (archaic, dialectal)

Derived terms

• bradach (“thieving; scoundrelly;”, adjective)
• bradach m (“thief, plunderer”)
• bradaigh (“steal, pilfer; remove gently; steal away”, verb)
• bradaíl f (“(act of) thieving, pilfering; trespassing on crops”)
• bradaí f (“proneness to thieving”)
• bradaí m (“pilferer, thief; person with prominent teeth”)
• bradóg f (“roguish woman”)

 

Etymology 2

Verb

brad (present analytic bradann, future analytic bradfaidh, verbal noun bradadh, past participle bradta)

1. (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of bradaigh (“steal, pilfer; remove gently; steal away”)

Conjugation

conjugation of brad (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	bradaim	bradann tú; bradair†	bradann sé, sí	bradaimid	bradann sibh	bradann siad; bradaid†	a bhradann; a bhradas / a mbradann*; a mbradas*	bradtar
	past	bhrad mé; bhradas	bhrad tú; bhradais	bhrad sé, sí	bhradamar; bhrad muid	bhrad sibh; bhradabhair	bhrad siad; bhradadar	a bhrad / ar bhrad*	bradadh
	past habitual	bhradainn / mbradainn‡‡	bhradtá / mbradtᇇ	bhradadh sé, sí / mbradadh sé, s퇇	bhradaimis; bhradadh muid / mbradaimis‡‡; mbradadh muid‡‡	bhradadh sibh / mbradadh sibh‡‡	bhradaidís; bhradadh siad / mbradaidís‡‡; mbradadh siad‡‡	a bhradadh / a mbradadh*	bhradtaí / mbradta퇇
future		bradfaidh mé; bradfad	bradfaidh tú; bradfair†	bradfaidh sé, sí	bradfaimid; bradfaidh muid	bradfaidh sibh	bradfaidh siad; bradfaid†	a bhradfaidh; a bhradfas / a mbradfaidh*; a mbradfas*	bradfar
conditional		bhradfainn / mbradfainn‡‡	bhradfá / mbradfᇇ	bhradfadh sé, sí / mbradfadh sé, s퇇	bhradfaimis; bhradfadh muid / mbradfaimis‡‡; mbradfadh muid‡‡	bhradfadh sibh / mbradfadh sibh‡‡	bhradfaidís; bhradfadh siad / mbradfaidís‡‡; mbradfadh siad‡‡	a bhradfadh / a mbradfadh*	bhradfaí / mbradfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go mbrada mé; go mbradad†	go mbrada tú; go mbradair†	go mbrada sé, sí	go mbradaimid; go mbrada muid	go mbrada sibh	go mbrada siad; go mbradaid†	—	go mbradtar
	past	dá mbradainn	dá mbradtá	dá mbradadh sé, sí	dá mbradaimis; dá mbradadh muid	dá mbradadh sibh	dá mbradaidís; dá mbradadh siad	—	dá mbradtaí
imperative		bradaim	brad	bradadh sé, sí	bradaimis	bradaigí; bradaidh†	bradaidís	—	bradtar
verbal noun		bradadh
past participle		bradta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
brad	bhrad	mbrad
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “brad”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 brat”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Old Albanian *bradh (modern bredh), or alternatively a substratum cognate of it, and ultimately from an Indo-European source either way (a borrowing directly from modern Albanian would have presumably produced a form *brez).

Noun

brad

1. fir tree

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *braid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brɑːd/

Adjective

brād (superlative brādost)

1. wide, broad

Declension

Declension of brād — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	brād	brād	brād
Accusative	brādne	brāde	brād
Genitive	brādes	brādre	brādes
Dative	brādum	brādre	brādum
Instrumental	brāde	brādre	brāde
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	brāde	brāda, brāde	brād
Accusative	brāde	brāda, brāde	brād
Genitive	brādra	brādra	brādra
Dative	brādum	brādum	brādum
Instrumental	brādum	brādum	brādum

Declension of brād — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	brāda	brāde	brāde
Accusative	brādan	brādan	brāde
Genitive	brādan	brādan	brādan
Dative	brādan	brādan	brādan
Instrumental	brādan	brādan	brādan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	brādan	brādan	brādan
Accusative	brādan	brādan	brādan
Genitive	brādra, brādena	brādra, brādena	brādra, brādena
Dative	brādum	brādum	brādum
Instrumental	brādum	brādum	brādum

Synonyms

• wīd

Derived terms

• brādnes
• brǣdu

Descendants

• Middle English: brood, brod, brode
  • English: broad
  • Scots: braid
  • Yola: brode

Old Frisian

Brād.

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *braud, from Proto-Germanic *braudą. Cognates include Old English brēad, Old Saxon brōd and Old Dutch *brōd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbraːd/

Noun

brād n

1. bread

Descendants

• North Frisian:

  Föhr-Amrum: braud

  Karrharder: brüdj

  Helgoland: Brooad

  Mooring: brüüdj

  Nordergoesharder: bruud

  Sylt: Bruar

  Wiedingharder: bruuid

• Saterland Frisian: Brood
• West Frisian: brea

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Romanian

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Old Albanian *bradh (modern Albanian bredh), or alternatively a substrate cognate of it, and ultimately from an Indo-European source either way (a borrowing directly from modern Albanian would have presumably produced a form *brez).

Another theory suggests that it was reformed analogically from the plural brazi, and that the original form was *braz (reinterpreted as a plural, modeled on plurals such as coadă > cozi, pradă > prăzi, surd, > surzi). See also the Romanian alpine toponyms containing Breaza, which may correspond to the Albanian plural form bredha. Compare also Aromanian brad.

Noun

brad m (plural brazi)

1. fir, Abies alba.
2. pine tree.
3. pine wood.

Declension

Declension of brad

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) brad	bradul	(niște) brazi	brazii
genitive/dative	(unui) brad	bradului	(unor) brazi	brazilor
vocative	bradule		brazilor

Derived terms

• brădet
• brădiș

diminutives

• brădănaș
• brădeț
• brădioară
• brădișcan
• brădișor
• brăducean
• brădui
• brăduiac
• brăduleț
• brădușcan
• brădușor
• brăduț

 

placenames

• Bradu
• Brazi
• Brazii
• Brazii de Jos
• Brazii de Sus
• Brădățel
• Brădeana
• Brădeanca
• Brădeanu
• Brădeni
• Brădișor
• Dealu Bradului
• Dragu-Brad
• Fântâna Brazilor
• Lunca Bradului
• Slobozia Bradului
• Valea Bradului
• Valea Brazilor

 

See also

• pin

Further reading

• brad in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Tagalog

Etymology

Clipping and pronunciation spelling of English brother. Doublet of prayle.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈbɾad/ [ˈbɾad̪̚]
• Rhymes: -ad
• Syllabification: brad

Noun

brad (Baybayin spelling ᜊ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔)

1. (familiar) comrade; peer; buddy (used in addressing between male peers)

   Synonyms: (usually informal) kabarkada, kaibigan, (usually informal) katropa, (usually informal) kumpare, (informal) dabarkads, (slang) pards, (informal) pare, (informal) pre, (informal) tropa, (colloquial) tropatuts, (slang, colloquial) tsong, (usually informal) utol

Further reading

• “brad”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from French bras.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brad/

Noun

brad (nominative plural brads)

1. arm

Declension

declension of brad

	singular	plural
nominative	brad	brads
genitive	brada	bradas
dative	brade	brades
accusative	bradi	bradis
vocative 1	o brad!	o brads!
predicative 2	bradu	bradus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh brat, from Proto-Brythonic *brad, from Proto-Celtic *mratom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /braːd/
• Rhymes: -aːd

Noun

brad m (usually uncountable, plural bradau or bradiau)

1. treason
2. treachery

Derived terms

• bradu (“betray”, verb)
• bradychu (“betray”, verb)
• bratbwll (“pitfall”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
brad	frad	mrad	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “brad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies