識

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See also: 识, 䛊, and 讖
識 U+8B58, 識
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B58
← 譗
[U+8B57] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 譙 →
[U+8B59]
識 U+F9FC, 識
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FC
← 炙
[U+F9FB] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 什 →
[U+F9FD]

Translingual

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Japanese 識
Simplified 识
Traditional 識

Han character

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識 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜戈日 (YRYIA), four-corner 03650, composition ⿰訁戠)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1181, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35974
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1644, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4019, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+8B58

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 識
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (戠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
識 *tjɯɡs, *hljɯɡ
幟 *tjɯɡs, *tʰjɯɡs, *hljɯɡs
織 *tjɯɡs, *tjɯɡ
熾 *tʰjɯɡs
樴 *dɯːɡ, *tjɯɡ
職 *tjɯɡ
軄 *tjɯɡ
戠 *tjɯɡ
膱 *tjɯɡ
蟙 *tjɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯɡs, *hljɯɡ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ).

Etymology 1

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trad. 識
simp. 识*
alternative forms 𧨺
𧬣
𧥾

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 識
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 賞職切
Baxter syik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕik̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 識
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-tək/
English know

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 識
Reading # 2/2
No. 17258
Phonetic
component 		戠
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		識
Old
Chinese 		/*hljɯɡ/

Definitions

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識

  1. to know; to realise; to be aware
  2. (Cantonese, Hakka, dialectal Wu) to recognise; to be familiar with; to know (especially someone or how to do something)
    我唔識普通話。我唔識講普通話。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我唔识普通话。我唔识讲普通话。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 m4 sik1 pou2 tung1 waa6-2. ngo5 m4 sik1 gong2 pou2 tung1 waa6-2. [Jyutping]
    I don't know Mandarin. I don't know how to speak Mandarin.
    中國人好識食。中國人好識做生意。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    中国人好识食。中国人好识做生意。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zung1 gwok3 jan4 hou2 sik1 sik6. zung1 gwok3 jan4 hou2 sik1 zou6 saang1 ji3. [Jyutping]
    Chinese people really know how to eat (to appreciate, to be discerning, to enjoy, to be skilled, to savor). Chinese are good at business.
  3. to appreciate; to recognise the worth of
  4. to distinguish; to discriminate
  5. knowledge; experience
  6. (Teochew) sharp; smart
  7. (Buddhism) mind; consciousness; vijnana
  8. † bosom friend; acquaintance
  9. † thought; awareness
  10. † Alternative form of 適／适 (“just now”)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 認識 (“to know (somebody)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 認識
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 認識
Taiwan 認識
Singapore 認識
Cantonese Guangzhou 識得, 識
Hong Kong 識得, 識
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 識
Yangjiang 識得, 識
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 識
Singapore (Guangfu) 識
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 識得
Hakka Meixian 識, 識得
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 識
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 識
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 識
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 識
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 識
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 識
Senai (Huiyang) 識
Jin Taiyuan 認得
Eastern Min Fuzhou 捌, 捌傳
Southern Min Xiamen 捌
Quanzhou 捌
Shishi 捌
Zhangzhou 捌
Taipei 捌
New Taipei (Sanxia) 捌
Kaohsiung 捌
Yilan 捌
Changhua (Lukang) 捌
Taichung 捌
Tainan 捌
Hsinchu 捌
Kinmen 捌
Penghu (Magong) 捌
Penang (Hokkien) 捌
Singapore (Hokkien) 捌
Manila (Hokkien) 捌
Chaozhou 捌
Shantou 捌
Shantou (Chenghai) 捌
Jieyang 捌
Bangkok (Teochew) 捌
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 捌
Singapore (Teochew) 捌
Leizhou 捌
Wenchang 捌
Haikou 捌
Singapore (Hainanese) 捌
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 捌, 捌得
Wu Shanghai 認得, 相熟 dated
Suzhou 認得
Wuxi 認識
Wenzhou 識
Dialectal synonyms of 會 (“to know how to; to be able to”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 會
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 會
Taiwan 會
Malaysia 會
Singapore 會
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 會
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 會
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 會
Wuhan 會, 曉得
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 會
Hefei 會
Cantonese Guangzhou 會, 識, 識得, 曉
Hong Kong 識, 識得, 曉
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 識
Macau 識
Taishan 會, 識, 識領, 曉, 曉領
Yangjiang 會, 識
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 識
Penang (Guangfu) 識
Singapore (Guangfu) 識
Gan Nanchang 會, 曉得
Hakka Meixian 會, 識得, 曉, 曉得
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 曉得, 會
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 曉得, 會
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 曉得, 會
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 曉得, 曉
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 曉得, 會
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 會, 會曉
Hong Kong 曉
Sabah (Bao'an) 曉
Kuching (Hepo) 曉
Jin Taiyuan 會
Northern Min Jian'ou 惡
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 解
Eastern Min Fuzhou 會
Southern Min Xiamen 會, 會曉
Quanzhou 會, 會曉
Zhangzhou 會, 會曉
Taipei 會, 會曉
New Taipei (Sanxia) 會, 會曉
Kaohsiung 會, 會曉
Yilan 會, 會曉
Changhua (Lukang) 會, 會曉
Taichung 會, 會曉
Tainan 會, 會曉
Hsinchu 會
Kinmen 會
Penghu (Magong) 會
Singapore (Hokkien) 會曉
Manila (Hokkien) 會曉
Medan (Hokkien) 會曉
Chaozhou 會, 會曉
Shantou 會, 會曉
Shantou (Chaoyang) 會
Singapore (Teochew) 會曉
Wenchang 捌
Qionghai 捌
Singapore (Hainanese) 捌
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 捌, 捌得
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 識
Wu Shanghai 會, 曉得
Suzhou 會
Wenzhou 會
Xiang Changsha 會, 曉得
Shuangfeng 會, 曉得

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 識
simp. 识*

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 識
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 職吏切
Baxter tsyiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕɨH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cɨH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiəH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 識
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyiH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tək-s/
English remember, commemorate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 識
Reading # 1/2
No. 17244
Phonetic
component 		戠
Rime
group 		代
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		志
Old
Chinese 		/*tjɯɡs/
Notes 戠轉註字

Definitions

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識

  1. † to put a mark
  2. † to remember
  3. † mark; sign
  4. † flag
  5. † raised words on an ancient bell or cauldron

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad. 識
simp. 识*

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Zhangzhou:
    • pat - only “to know”.

Definitions

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識

  1. (Southern Min) Alternative form of 捌 (“to know”)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 識
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
識󠄂
識+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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識

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. discriminating
  2. know
  3. write

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 識 (MC syik); compare Mandarin 識／识 (shí):

  • Go-on: しき (shiki, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: しょく (shoku)

From Middle Chinese 識 (MC tsyiH); compare Mandarin 識／识 (zhì):

From native Japanese roots:

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1995 (paper), page 1049 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1139 (paper), page 582 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 識 (MC syik).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 식〮 (Yale: sík) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 알 식 Recorded as Middle Korean 식 (sik) (Yale: sik) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

識 (eumhun 알 식 (al sik))

  1. hanja form? of 식 (“knowing”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 識 (MC tsyiH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 징〮 (Yale: cí?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] ᄉᆡᆼ각 지[1] Recorded as Middle Korean 지 (ci) (Yale: ci) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
  1. ^ 去聲

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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識 (eumhun 적을 지 (jeogeul ji))

  1. hanja form? of 지 (“writing; mark”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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識: Hán Nôm readings: thức

  1. chữ Hán form of thức (“consciousness”).
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