φράζω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uncertain. Seems to go back to a stem *φραδ-. Might be related to φρήν (phrḗn, “wits, will”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰráz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰra.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸra.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfra.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfra.zo/
Verb
φρᾰ́ζω • (phrázō)
- to make known, point out, intimate, show
- to tell, declare
- to explain, interpret
- to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order
- (middle voice) to think, consider, ponder, muse
- (middle voice) to devise, plan, design, intend
- (middle voice) to think, suppose, believe, imagine that
- (middle voice) to remark, perceive, notice
- (middle voice) to come to know, learn, become acquainted with, see, understand
- (middle voice) to observe, watch, guard
- (middle voice) to mind, heed, take care, beware of
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφρᾰζον | ἔφρᾰζες | ἔφρᾰζε(ν) | ἐφρᾰ́ζετον | ἐφρᾰζέτην | ἐφρᾰ́ζομεν | ἐφρᾰ́ζετε | ἔφρᾰζον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφρᾰζόμην | ἐφρᾰ́ζου | ἐφρᾰ́ζετο | ἐφρᾰ́ζεσθον | ἐφρᾰζέσθην | ἐφρᾰζόμεθᾰ | ἐφρᾰ́ζεσθε | ἐφρᾰ́ζοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φρᾰ́ζον | φρᾰ́ζες | φρᾰ́ζε(ν) | φρᾰ́ζετον | φρᾰζέτην | φρᾰ́ζομεν | φρᾰ́ζετε | φρᾰ́ζον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | φρᾰζόμην | φρᾰ́ζου | φρᾰ́ζετο | φρᾰ́ζεσθον | φρᾰζέσθην | φρᾰζόμε(σ)θᾰ | φρᾰ́ζεσθε | φρᾰ́ζοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπεφρᾰ́κειν, ἐπεφρᾰ́κη |
ἐπεφρᾰ́κεις, ἐπεφρᾰ́κης |
ἐπεφρᾰ́κει(ν) | ἐπεφρᾰ́κετον | ἐπεφρᾰκέτην | ἐπεφρᾰ́κεμεν | ἐπεφρᾰ́κετε | ἐπεφρᾰ́κεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεφρᾰ́σμην | ἐπέφρᾰσο | ἐπέφρᾰστο | ἐπέφρᾰσθον | ἐπεφρᾰ́σθην | ἐπεφρᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐπέφρᾰσθε | ἐπεφρᾰ́σᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
- φρᾰ́σις (phrásis)
- φρᾰστέον (phrastéon)
- φρᾰστήρ (phrastḗr)
- φρᾰ́στης (phrástēs)
- φρᾰστῐκός (phrastikós)
- φρᾰ́στωρ (phrástōr)
- Θεόφραστος (Theóphrastos)
Related terms
Further reading
- “φράζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φράζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φράζω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φράζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- φράζω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φράζω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5419 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Alternative forms
- φράσσω (frásso) (formal)
Etymology
Unrelated to the ancient φράζω (“tell, explain”). From Mediaeval Byzantine Greek φράζω (phrázō) from Ancient Greek φράσσω (phrássō) or φράττω (phráttō) from past tense:‑αξα to present:‑άζω, in the pattern of στάζω (stázō), ἔσταξα (éstaxa, “I dripped”). Stems φρακ-, φραγ- Unrelated to φρακάρω (frakáro) or φράξια (fráxia) (see Related terms).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
φράζω • (frázo) (past έφραξα, passive φράζομαι)
- (transitive) fence
- (transitive, intransitive) block, obstruct, clog
- Έφραξε ο νεροχύτης. ― Éfraxe o nerochýtis. ― The sink clogged up.
Conjugation
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | φράζω | φράξω | φράζομαι | φραχτώ |
2 sg | φράζεις | φράξεις | φράζεσαι | φραχτείς |
3 sg | φράζει | φράξει | φράζεται | φραχτεί |
1 pl | φράζουμε, [‑ομε] | φράξουμε, [‑ομε] | φραζόμαστε | φραχτούμε |
2 pl | φράζετε | φράξετε | φράζεστε, φραζόσαστε | φραχτείτε |
3 pl | φράζουν(ε) | φράξουν(ε) | φράζονται | φραχτούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έφραζα | έφραξα | φραζόμουν(α) | φράχτηκα |
2 sg | έφραζες | έφραξες | φραζόσουν(α) | φράχτηκες |
3 sg | έφραζε | έφραξε | φραζόταν(ε) | φράχτηκε |
1 pl | φράζαμε | φράξαμε | φραζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | φραχτήκαμε |
2 pl | φράζατε | φράξατε | φραζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | φραχτήκατε |
3 pl | έφραζαν, φράζαν(ε) | έφραξαν, φράξαν(ε) | φράζονταν, (φραζόντουσαν) | φράχτηκαν, φραχτήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα φράζω ➤ | θα φράξω ➤ | θα φράζομαι ➤ | θα φραχτώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα φράζεις, … | θα φράξεις, … | θα φράζεσαι, … | θα φραχτείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … φράξει έχω, έχεις, … φραγμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
έχω, έχεις, … φραχτεί είμαι, είσαι, … φραγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … φράξει είχα, είχες, … φραγμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
είχα, είχες, … φραχτεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … φραγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φράξει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φραγμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φραχτεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … φραγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | φράζε | φράξε, φράχ' 1 | — | φράξου |
2 pl | φράζετε | φράξτε, φράχτε2 | φράζεστε | φραχτείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | φράζοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας φράξει ➤ | φραγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | φράξει | φραχτεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Colloquial apocopic perfective imperative + accusative of article & noun or weak pronouns e.g. φράχ' το ("block it!") 2. Colloquial. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
(fence): περιφράσσω (perifrásso), περικλείω (perikleío) (block): εμποδίζω (empodízo) (clog): βουλώνω (voulóno)
Antonyms
(clog): ξεβουλώνω (xevoulóno), αποφράζω (apofrázo), αποφράσσω (apofrásso) (formal)
Related terms
φραζ-
- αποφράζω (apofrázo)
- All other -φράζω verbs are related to the ancient φράζω (“tell, explain”) (e.g. μεταφράζω (metafrázo, “translate”), παραφράζω (parafrázo, “make a paraphrase”)
φρασσ- (all formal)
- αποφράσσω (apofrásso, “unblock”)
- εμφράσσω (emfrásso)
- περιφράσσω (perifrásso)
- φράσσω (frásso)
φρακ- + [t] > φραχτ-, or unchanged in the more formal φρακτ-
- απερίφραχτος (aperífrachtos, “unfenced”)
- αποφρακτικός (apofraktikós, “obstructive”)
- άφραχτος (áfrachtos, “unfenced”), άφρακτος (áfraktos)
- καγκελόφραχτος (kagkelófrachtos, “rail fenced”)
- σιδερόφραχτος (siderófrachtos, “fenced with iron rail”), σιδηρόφρακτος (sidirófraktos)
- υδατοφράχτης m (ydatofráchtis, “dam”), υδατοφράκτης (ydatofráktis)
- φράχτης m (fráchtis, “fence”), φράκτης (fráktis)
φρακ/γ- + [s] > φραξ-
- απόφραξη f (apófraxi, “unblocking”)
- έμφραξη f (émfraxi, “blocking”) (formal)
- περίφραξη f (perífraxi)
- φράξιμο n (fráximo)
- Unrelated: φράξια f (fráxia, “differentiated group within a political party”) from the Russian фракция (frakcija) from Latin fractio.
- Unrelated: φρακάρω (frakáro, “I block, I am blocked”) from Venetian fracar
φραγ-
- άφραγος (áfragos)
- διάφραγμα n (diáfragma)
- διαφραγματικός (diafragmatikós)
- έμφραγμα n (émfragma)
- ξέφραγος (xéfragos)
- οδόφραγμα n (odófragma)
- περίφραγμα n (perífragma)
- φραγή f (fragí)
- φράγμα n (frágma)
- φραγμός m (fragmós)
References
- ^ φράζω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Greek terms inherited from Byzantine Greek
- Greek terms derived from Byzantine Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek transitive verbs
- Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'παίζω'