بر
Alviri-Vidari
Noun
بر (bar)
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ب ر ر (b-r-r).
Noun
بَرّ • (barr) m
Declension
Derived terms
- بَرِّيّ (barriyy, “of the dry land”)
- بَرَّانِيّ (barrāniyy, “exterior”)
Verb
بَرَّ • (barra) I, non-past يَبَرُّ (yabarru)
- to be pious, to be reverent, to be respectful, to be kind, to be true, to be sincere Template:+preo
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
بِرّ birr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
bārr | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mabrūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | barirtu |
barirta |
بَرَّ barra |
barirtumā |
barrā |
barirnā |
barirtum |
barrū | |||
f | barirti |
barrat |
barratā |
barirtunna |
barirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabarru |
tabarru |
yabarru |
tabarrāni |
yabarrāni |
nabarru |
tabarrūna |
yabarrūna | |||
f | tabarrīna |
tabarru |
tabarrāni |
tabrarna |
yabrarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabarra |
tabarra |
yabarra |
tabarrā |
yabarrā |
nabarra |
tabarrū |
yabarrū | |||
f | tabarrī |
tabarra |
tabarrā |
tabrarna |
yabrarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabarra or ʔabarri or ʔabrar |
tabarra or tabarri or tabrar |
yabarra or yabarri or yabrar |
tabarrā |
yabarrā |
nabarra or nabarri or nabrar |
tabarrū |
yabarrū | |||
f | tabarrī |
tabarra or tabarri or tabrar |
tabarrā |
tabrarna |
yabrarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | barra or barri or ibrar |
barrā |
barrū |
||||||||
f | barrī |
ibrarna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | burirtu |
burirta |
بُرَّ burra |
burirtumā |
burrā |
burirnā |
burirtum |
burrū | |||
f | burirti |
burrat |
burratā |
burirtunna |
burirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubarru |
tubarru |
yubarru |
tubarrāni |
yubarrāni |
nubarru |
tubarrūna |
yubarrūna | |||
f | tubarrīna |
tubarru |
tubarrāni |
tubrarna |
yubrarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubarra |
tubarra |
yubarra |
tubarrā |
yubarrā |
nubarra |
tubarrū |
yubarrū | |||
f | tubarrī |
tubarra |
tubarrā |
tubrarna |
yubrarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubarra or ʔubarri or ʔubrar |
tubarra or tubarri or tubrar |
yubarra or yubarri or yubrar |
tubarrā |
yubarrā |
nubarra or nubarri or nubrar |
tubarrū |
yubarrū | |||
f | tubarrī |
tubarra or tubarri or tubrar |
tubarrā |
tubrarna |
yubrarna |
Noun
بِرّ • (birr) m
- verbal noun of بَرَّ (barra) (form I), kindness, piety, sincerity
Declension
Adjective
بَرّ • (barr)
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | بَرّ barr |
الْبَرّ al-barr |
بَرَّة barra |
الْبَرَّة al-barra |
Nominative | بَرٌّ barrun |
الْبَرُّ al-barru |
بَرَّةٌ barratun |
الْبَرَّةُ al-barratu |
Accusative | بَرًّا barran |
الْبَرَّ al-barra |
بَرَّةً barratan |
الْبَرَّةَ al-barrata |
Genitive | بَرٍّ barrin |
الْبَرِّ al-barri |
بَرَّةٍ barratin |
الْبَرَّةِ al-barrati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | بَرَّيْن barrayn |
الْبَرَّيْن al-barrayn |
بَرَّتَيْن barratayn |
الْبَرَّتَيْن al-barratayn |
Nominative | بَرَّانِ barrāni |
الْبَرَّانِ al-barrāni |
بَرَّتَانِ barratāni |
الْبَرَّتَانِ al-barratāni |
Accusative | بَرَّيْنِ barrayni |
الْبَرَّيْنِ al-barrayni |
بَرَّتَيْنِ barratayni |
الْبَرَّتَيْنِ al-barratayni |
Genitive | بَرَّيْنِ barrayni |
الْبَرَّيْنِ al-barrayni |
بَرَّتَيْنِ barratayni |
الْبَرَّتَيْنِ al-barratayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | أَبْرَار ʔabrār |
الْأَبْرَار al-ʔabrār |
بَرَّات barrāt |
الْبَرَّات al-barrāt |
Nominative | أَبْرَارٌ ʔabrārun |
الْأَبْرَارُ al-ʔabrāru |
بَرَّاتٌ barrātun |
الْبَرَّاتُ al-barrātu |
Accusative | أَبْرَارًا ʔabrāran |
الْأَبْرَارَ al-ʔabrāra |
بَرَّاتٍ barrātin |
الْبَرَّاتِ al-barrāti |
Genitive | أَبْرَارٍ ʔabrārin |
الْأَبْرَارِ al-ʔabrāri |
بَرَّاتٍ barrātin |
الْبَرَّاتِ al-barrāti |
Etymology 2
Verb
- second-person masculine singular active imperative of بَارَ (bāra)
Etymology 3
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Triticum_turgidum_L._Bajuwarenhof_Kirchheim_2012-08-05.jpg/280px-Triticum_turgidum_L._Bajuwarenhof_Kirchheim_2012-08-05.jpg)
Compare Hebrew בָּר (bār, “grain”), Ancient Greek πυρός (purós, “wheat”), Proto-Slavic *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. .
Noun
بُرّ • (burr) m (collective, singulative بُرَّة f (burra), plural أَبْرَار (ʔabrār))
- (archaic) wheat
- c. 950, أبو دلف مسعر بن مهلهل [ʾAbū Dulaf Misʿar Ibn Muhalhal], edited by Kurd von Schlözer, De itinere Asiatico commentarium[1], published 1845 WC GB, pages 18–19:
- فخرجت إلى الساحل أربد بكلة وهذا أول الهند ومنتهى مسير المراكب لا يتهيّأ لها أن يتجاوزها وألا غرقت قال فلما وصلت إلى كلة رأيته وهي عظيمة عالية السور كثيرة البساتين غزيرة الماء ووجدت بها معدن الرصاص القلعي لا يكون إلا في قلعتها في سائر الدنيا، وفي هذه القلعة تضرب السيوف القلعية، وهي الهندية العتيقة … وأهل هذه القلعة يمتنعون على ملكها إذا أرادوا يطيعونه إن أحبوا ورسمهم رسم الصين في ترك الذبائح وليس في جميع الدنيا معدن الرصاص القلعي إلا في هذه القلعة وبينهما وبين الصين ثلثمائة فرسخ وحولها مدن ورساتيق وقرى ولهم أحكام وحبوس وخبايات وأكلهم البر والتمور وبقولهم كلها تباع وزنا وأرغفة خبزهم تباع عددا ولا حمامات لهم بل عندهم عين جارية يغتسلون فيها ودرهمهم يزن ثلثي درهم ويعرف بالفهري ولهم فلوس يتعاملون بها ويلبسون كأهل الصين الإفرند الصيني المثمن وملكها دون ملك الصين ويخطب لملك الصين وقبلته إليه وبيت عبادته له.
- And I went off to the dusty shore of Kala, which is the first and ultimate end of India for vessels, as nobody even dares to imagine to pass by it since he would drown. When I arrived at Kala, I conned it and it is large and has high walls, many gardens and plenty of water, and I found mines of tin not found in the rest of the world but in Qalʿa, and in this Qalʿa one forges the Qalʿaite swords, the excellent Indian ones, and the populace of this Qalʿa withstands its king when it wants and abides by him when it lists, and their tradition is like the tradition of China, refraining from slaughtering beasts, and there aren’t in all the world tin mines but in this Qalʿa, and between them two and China are three-hundred parasang, and there are towns, rural districts and villages, and they have jurisdiction, jails, and corbans, and their food is wheat and dates and all their vegetables they buy by scales, and their bread is bread-rolls they buy by count. They have no baths but a running spring in which they wash, and their dirham weighs as a third-dirham and is known as Fahrī, and they have fulūs with which they commerce, and they dress like the people of China in dear Chinese silks, and their king is subordinate to the King of China, reports to the King of China, his praying direction is to him, his place of sacrifice is towards him.
- a. 1635, علي بن برهان الدين الحلبي, “باب شهوده حلف الفضول”, in Sīra Ḥalabiyya:
- فاتفق أن أمية بن أبي الصلت مر على بني عبد المدان، فرأى طعامهم لباب البر والشهد.
- There has been agreement that Umayya ibn Abī s-Salt passed by a ʿalī of the Banū ʿabd al-Madān and he saw that they ate pulp of wheat and honey.
Declension
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرّ burr |
الْبُرّ al-burr |
بُرّ burr |
Nominative | بُرٌّ burrun |
الْبُرُّ al-burru |
بُرُّ burru |
Accusative | بُرًّا burran |
الْبُرَّ al-burra |
بُرَّ burra |
Genitive | بُرٍّ burrin |
الْبُرِّ al-burri |
بُرِّ burri |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرَّة burra |
الْبُرَّة al-burra |
بُرَّة burrat |
Nominative | بُرَّةٌ burratun |
الْبُرَّةُ al-burratu |
بُرَّةُ burratu |
Accusative | بُرَّةً burratan |
الْبُرَّةَ al-burrata |
بُرَّةَ burrata |
Genitive | بُرَّةٍ burratin |
الْبُرَّةِ al-burrati |
بُرَّةِ burrati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بُرَّتَيْن burratayn |
الْبُرَّتَيْن al-burratayn |
بُرَّتَيْ burratay |
Nominative | بُرَّتَانِ burratāni |
الْبُرَّتَانِ al-burratāni |
بُرَّتَا burratā |
Accusative | بُرَّتَيْنِ burratayni |
الْبُرَّتَيْنِ al-burratayni |
بُرَّتَيْ burratay |
Genitive | بُرَّتَيْنِ burratayni |
الْبُرَّتَيْنِ al-burratayni |
بُرَّتَيْ burratay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرَّات burrāt |
الْبُرَّات al-burrāt |
بُرَّات burrāt |
Nominative | بُرَّاتٌ burrātun |
الْبُرَّاتُ al-burrātu |
بُرَّاتُ burrātu |
Accusative | بُرَّاتٍ burrātin |
الْبُرَّاتِ al-burrāti |
بُرَّاتِ burrāti |
Genitive | بُرَّاتٍ burrātin |
الْبُرَّاتِ al-burrāti |
بُرَّاتِ burrāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَبْرَار ʔabrār |
الْأَبْرَار al-ʔabrār |
أَبْرَار ʔabrār |
Nominative | أَبْرَارٌ ʔabrārun |
الْأَبْرَارُ al-ʔabrāru |
أَبْرَارُ ʔabrāru |
Accusative | أَبْرَارًا ʔabrāran |
الْأَبْرَارَ al-ʔabrāra |
أَبْرَارَ ʔabrāra |
Genitive | أَبْرَارٍ ʔabrārin |
الْأَبْرَارِ al-ʔabrāri |
أَبْرَارِ ʔabrāri |
Old Anatolian Turkish
Alternative forms
- بیر (bir)
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Article
بر (bir)
Numeral
بر (bir)
- one (1)
Descendants
Ottoman Turkish
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : بر (bir) Ordinal : برنجی (birinci) Distributive : برر (birer) | ||
Etymology
From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (“one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).
Article
بر • (bir)
Numeral
بر • (bir)
- one (1)
Descendants
- Turkish: bir
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭣𐭬 (mdm /abar/, “up; on, over”).
Alternative forms
Preposition
Dari | بر |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | бар |
Etymology 2
From Middle Persian [script needed] (wl /war/, “breast”).
Noun
بر • (bar)
Etymology 3
From Middle Persian [script needed] (bl /bar/, “fruit, produce, profit”).
Noun
بر • (bar)
Derived terms
- نوبر (nowbar)
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 17.
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Verb
Further reading
- Vullers, Johann August (1855) “بر”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[2] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 207–208
- Alviri-Vidari lemmas
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