حرمة
Appearance
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]حُرْمَة • (ḥurma) f (plural حُرَم (ḥuram) or حُرَمَات (ḥuramāt))
- verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
- inviolateness, prohibition, unlawfulness
- something forbidden, something outlawed, something banned, something restricted, a taboo
- something inviolable, something that would bring dishonor or disgrace if violated or infringed
- holiness, sanctity, sacredness
- an entitlement; something morally required, a moral right, an obligation
- an agreement, a contract, a pact, a compact
- a portion, a share
- the right of clientship
- the right of companionship, the right of friendship
- (of someone or something) honor, dignity; respect, reverence; veneration
- a man's good name, a man's standing, a man's stature, a man's repute
- (by extension) a man's personal or private affairs
- the persons whom the master of the house is responsible for or is in charge of, a man's household; a man's female family members, a man's wife, a man's daughter
- 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “مر”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs][1], فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ḥāʔ)], page 125:
- وَحُرْمَةُ الرَّجُلِ: حُرَمُهُ وَأَهْلُهُ. وَحَرَمُ الرَّجُلِ وَحَرِيمُهُ: مَا يُقَاتِلُ عَنْهُ وَيَحْمِيهُ، فَجَمْعُ الْحَرَمِ أَحْرَامٌ، وَجَمْعُ الْحَرِيِمِ حُرُمٌ.
- waḥurmatu ar-rajuli: ḥuramuhu waʔahluhu. waḥaramu r-rajuli waḥarīmuhu: mā yuqātilu ʕanhu wayaḥmīhu, fajamʕu l-ḥarami ʔaḥrāmun, wajamʕu l-ḥariyimi ḥurumun.
- And a man's ḥurmah is his dignity [literally "his affairs that must be respected"] and his family, and his ḥaram and his ḥarīm are what he fights for and protects. And the plural of ḥaram is ʾaḥrām, and that of ḥarīm is ḥurum.
- 1410, al-Fayrūzabādī, القاموس المحيط [The Encompassing Ocean]:
- حُرَمُكَ: نِسَاؤُكَ وَمَا تَحْمِي، وَهِيَ الْمَحَارِِمُ، اَلْوَاحِدَةُ: مَحْرُمَةٌ
- ḥuramuka: nisāʔuka wamā taḥmī, wahiya l-maḥāriimu, al-wāḥidatu: maḥrumatun
- Your ḥuram are your women and what you protect, also called maḥārim. Its singular is maḥrumah.
- 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “مر”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs][2], فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ḥāʔ)], page 123:
- وَحُرَمُ الرَّجُلِ: عِيَاُلُهُ وَنِسَاؤُهُ وَمَا يَحْمِي، وَهِي الْمَحَارِمُ، وَاحِدَتُهَا مَحْرَمَةٌ وَمَحْرُمة.
- waḥuramu ar-rajuli: ʕiyauluhu wanisāʔuhu wamā yaḥmī, wahī l-maḥārimu, wāḥidatuhā maḥramatun wamaḥruma.
- And a man's ḥuram are his women and children and whatever he protects, which are his maḥārim, the singular of which is maḥramah or maḥrumah.
- (by extension) a man's honor when related to the demeanor, conduct, reputation, or treatment of his female relations
- a woman's honor, chastity, purity, maidenhood, virginity, maidenhead, virtue
- a woman's reputation of being decent or modest
- (by extension) a woman's personal or private affairs
- (rare) shelter, protection
Usage notes
[edit]- The word is commonly used in many of the modern dialects in most of the aforementioned senses, particularly in Gulf Arabic. However, as a substitute for woman, it may now be seen as objectifying or dehumanizing (that is, portraying women as "forbidden things" or as "a part" of a man's honor). It is also completely absent in many of the modern dialects in this sense, such as Egyptian Arabic, where it is used mainly in literary or pseudo-literary contexts in the broad sense of "the state of being forbidden" or "something deemed so". Compare with ست, the normal term to refer to women in Egyptian Arabic; مرة, one of the normal terms to refer to women in Gulf Arabic (as well as some dialects of Egyptian Arabic) and an extremely offensive term in Cairene Arabic; and ولية, which is used jokingly or degradingly in Egyptian Arabic to mean "an old woman" or, occasionally, a hag. While مرة in Hijazi Arabic can be considered offensive and حُرْمة is the acceptable term where it is considered respectful since the word حُرْمة refers to holiness, sanctity, sacredness, respect, honor and dignity.
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun حُرْمَة (ḥurma)
Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حُرْمَة ḥurma |
الْحُرْمَة al-ḥurma |
حُرْمَة ḥurmat |
Nominative | حُرْمَةٌ ḥurmatun |
الْحُرْمَةُ al-ḥurmatu |
حُرْمَةُ ḥurmatu |
Accusative | حُرْمَةً ḥurmatan |
الْحُرْمَةَ al-ḥurmata |
حُرْمَةَ ḥurmata |
Genitive | حُرْمَةٍ ḥurmatin |
الْحُرْمَةِ al-ḥurmati |
حُرْمَةِ ḥurmati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حُرْمَتَيْن ḥurmatayn |
الْحُرْمَتَيْن al-ḥurmatayn |
حُرْمَتَيْ ḥurmatay |
Nominative | حُرْمَتَانِ ḥurmatāni |
الْحُرْمَتَانِ al-ḥurmatāni |
حُرْمَتَا ḥurmatā |
Accusative | حُرْمَتَيْنِ ḥurmatayni |
الْحُرْمَتَيْنِ al-ḥurmatayni |
حُرْمَتَيْ ḥurmatay |
Genitive | حُرْمَتَيْنِ ḥurmatayni |
الْحُرْمَتَيْنِ al-ḥurmatayni |
حُرْمَتَيْ ḥurmatay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حُرَم; حُرَمَات ḥuram; ḥuramāt |
الْحُرَم; الْحُرَمَات al-ḥuram; al-ḥuramāt |
حُرَم; حُرَمَات ḥuram; ḥuramāt |
Nominative | حُرَمٌ; حُرَمَاتٌ ḥuramun; ḥuramātun |
الْحُرَمُ; الْحُرَمَاتُ al-ḥuramu; al-ḥuramātu |
حُرَمُ; حُرَمَاتُ ḥuramu; ḥuramātu |
Accusative | حُرَمًا; حُرَمَاتٍ ḥuraman; ḥuramātin |
الْحُرَمَ; الْحُرَمَاتِ al-ḥurama; al-ḥuramāti |
حُرَمَ; حُرَمَاتِ ḥurama; ḥuramāti |
Genitive | حُرَمٍ; حُرَمَاتٍ ḥuramin; ḥuramātin |
الْحُرَمِ; الْحُرَمَاتِ al-ḥurami; al-ḥuramāti |
حُرَمِ; حُرَمَاتِ ḥurami; ḥuramāti |
Descendants
[edit]- → Avar: хӏурмат (ḥʳurmat)
- → Azerbaijani: hörmət
- → Bashkir: хөрмәт (xörmət)
- → Bengali: হুরমত (hurmôt)
- → Indonesian: hormat
- → Kazakh: құрмет (qūrmet)
- → Ottoman Turkish: حرمت
- Turkish: hürmet
- → Pashto: حرمت
- → Persian: حرمت (hormat)
- → Urdu: حرمت (hurmat)
- → Tabasaran: гьюрмат (hjurmat)
- → Turkmen: hormat
- → Uyghur: ھۆرمەت (hörmet)
- → Uzbek: hurmat
References
[edit]- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حرمة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[3], London: W.H. Allen
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]حِرْمَة • (ḥirma) f
- verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
- rut
- deception
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun حِرْمَة (ḥirma)
Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حِرْمَة ḥirma |
الْحِرْمَة al-ḥirma |
حِرْمَة ḥirmat |
Nominative | حِرْمَةٌ ḥirmatun |
الْحِرْمَةُ al-ḥirmatu |
حِرْمَةُ ḥirmatu |
Accusative | حِرْمَةً ḥirmatan |
الْحِرْمَةَ al-ḥirmata |
حِرْمَةَ ḥirmata |
Genitive | حِرْمَةٍ ḥirmatin |
الْحِرْمَةِ al-ḥirmati |
حِرْمَةِ ḥirmati |
References
[edit]- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حرمة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[4], London: W.H. Allen
Hijazi Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ح ر م |
2 terms |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]حرمة • (ḥurma) f (construct state حُرْمَة (ḥurmat), dual حرمتين (ḥurmatēn), plural حريم (ḥarīm))
Categories:
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic feminine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic terms with rare senses
- Arabic nouns with triptote singular in -a
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine plural
- Hijazi Arabic terms belonging to the root ح ر م
- Hijazi Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic nouns
- Hijazi Arabic feminine nouns
- Hijazi Arabic terms with rare senses