حرمة

See also: چرمه, حزمة, جزمة, and چزمه

Arabic

Etymology 1

Noun

حُرْمَة • (ḥurma) f (plural حُرَم (ḥuram) or حُرَمَات (ḥuramāt))

1. verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
2. inviolateness, prohibition, unlawfulness
   1. something forbidden, something outlawed, something banned, something restricted, a taboo
   2. something inviolable, something that would bring dishonor or disgrace if violated or infringed
3. holiness, sanctity, sacredness
   1. something sacred, something that must be respected or honored
4. an entitlement; something morally required, a moral right, an obligation
   1. an agreement, a contract, a pact, a compact
   2. a portion, a share
   3. the right of clientship
   4. the right of companionship, the right of friendship
5. (of someone or something) honor, dignity; respect, reverence; veneration

   Synonyms: مَهَابَة (mahāba), تَعْظِيم (taʕẓīm)

   1. a man's good name, a man's standing, a man's stature, a man's repute
   2. (by extension) a man's personal or private affairs
   3. the persons whom the master of the house is responsible for or is in charge of, a man's household; a man's female family members, a man's wife, a man's daughter

      Synonyms: أَهْل (ʔahl), حَرَم (ḥaram)

      • 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “مر”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs]‎^[1], فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ħāʔ)], page 125:

        وَحُرْمَةُ الرَّجُلِ: حُرَمُهُ وَأَهْلُهُ. وَحَرَمُ الرَّجُلِ وَحَرِيمُهُ: مَا يُقَاتِلُ عَنْهُ وَيَحْمِيهُ، فَجَمْعُ الْحَرَمِ أَحْرَامٌ، وَجَمْعُ الْحَرِيِمِ حُرُمٌ.

        waḥurmatu ar-rajuli: ḥuramuhu waʔahluhu. waḥaramu r-rajuli waḥarīmuhu: mā yuqātilu ʕanhu wayaḥmīhu, fajamʕu l-ḥarami ʔaḥrāmun, wajamʕu l-ḥariyimi ḥurumun.

        And a man's ḥurmah is his dignity [literally "his affairs that must be respected"] and his family, and his ḥaram and his ḥarīm are what he fights for and protects. And the plural of ḥaram is ʾaḥrām, and that of ḥarīm is ḥurum.

      • 1410, al-Fayrūzabādī, القاموس المحيط [The Encompassing Ocean]:

        حُرَمُكَ: نِسَاؤُكَ وَمَا تَحْمِي، وَهِيَ الْمَحَارِِمُ، اَلْوَاحِدَةُ: مَحْرُمَةٌ

        ḥuramuka: nisāʔuka wamā taḥmī, wahiya l-maḥāriimu, al-wāḥidatu: maḥrumatun

        Your ḥuram are your women and what you protect, also called maḥārim. Its singular is maḥrumah.

      • 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “مر”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs]‎^[2], فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ħāʔ)], page 123:

        وَحُرَمُ الرَّجُلِ: عِيَاُلُهُ وَنِسَاؤُهُ وَمَا يَحْمِي، وَهِي الْمَحَارِمُ، وَاحِدَتُهَا مَحْرَمَةٌ وَمَحْرُمة.

        waḥuramu ar-rajuli: ʕiyauluhu wanisāʔuhu wamā yaḥmī, wahī l-maḥārimu, wāḥidatuhā maḥramatun wamaḥruma.

        And a man's ḥuram are his women and children and whatever he protects, which are his maḥārim, the singular of which is maḥramah or maḥrumah.

   4. (by extension) a man's honor when related to the demeanor, conduct, reputation, or treatment of his female relations
   5. a woman's honor, chastity, purity, maidenhood, virginity, maidenhead, virtue

      Synonyms: عِفَّة (ʕiffa), شَرَف (šaraf)

   6. a woman's reputation of being decent or modest
   7. (by extension) a woman's personal or private affairs
6. (rare) shelter, protection

Usage notes

• The word is commonly used in many of the modern dialects in most of the aforementioned senses, particularly in Gulf Arabic. However, as a substitute for woman, it may now be seen as objectifying or dehumanizing (that is, portraying women as "forbidden things" or as "a part" of a man's honor). It is also completely absent in many of the modern dialects in this sense, such as Egyptian Arabic, where it is used mainly in literary or pseudo-literary contexts in the broad sense of "the state of being forbidden" or "something deemed so". Compare with ست, the normal term to refer to women in Egyptian Arabic; مرة, one of the normal terms to refer to women in Gulf Arabic (as well as some dialects of Egyptian Arabic) and an extremely offensive term in Cairene Arabic; and ولية, which is used jokingly or degradingly in Egyptian Arabic to mean "an old woman" or, occasionally, a hag. While مرة in Hijazi Arabic can be considered offensive and حُرْمة is the acceptable term where it is considered respectful since the word حُرْمة refers to holiness, sanctity, sacredness, respect, honor and dignity.

Declension

Declension of noun حُرْمَة (ḥurma)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حُرْمَة ḥurma	الْحُرْمَة al-ḥurma	حُرْمَة ḥurmat
Nominative	حُرْمَةٌ ḥurmatun	الْحُرْمَةُ al-ḥurmatu	حُرْمَةُ ḥurmatu
Accusative	حُرْمَةً ḥurmatan	الْحُرْمَةَ al-ḥurmata	حُرْمَةَ ḥurmata
Genitive	حُرْمَةٍ ḥurmatin	الْحُرْمَةِ al-ḥurmati	حُرْمَةِ ḥurmati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حُرْمَتَيْن ḥurmatayn	الْحُرْمَتَيْن al-ḥurmatayn	حُرْمَتَيْ ḥurmatay
Nominative	حُرْمَتَانِ ḥurmatāni	الْحُرْمَتَانِ al-ḥurmatāni	حُرْمَتَا ḥurmatā
Accusative	حُرْمَتَيْنِ ḥurmatayni	الْحُرْمَتَيْنِ al-ḥurmatayni	حُرْمَتَيْ ḥurmatay
Genitive	حُرْمَتَيْنِ ḥurmatayni	الْحُرْمَتَيْنِ al-ḥurmatayni	حُرْمَتَيْ ḥurmatay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حُرَم‎; حُرَمَات ḥuram‎; ḥuramāt	الْحُرَم‎; الْحُرَمَات al-ḥuram‎; al-ḥuramāt	حُرَم‎; حُرَمَات ḥuram‎; ḥuramāt
Nominative	حُرَمٌ‎; حُرَمَاتٌ ḥuramun‎; ḥuramātun	الْحُرَمُ‎; الْحُرَمَاتُ al-ḥuramu‎; al-ḥuramātu	حُرَمُ‎; حُرَمَاتُ ḥuramu‎; ḥuramātu
Accusative	حُرَمًا‎; حُرَمَاتٍ ḥuraman‎; ḥuramātin	الْحُرَمَ‎; الْحُرَمَاتِ al-ḥurama‎; al-ḥuramāti	حُرَمَ‎; حُرَمَاتِ ḥurama‎; ḥuramāti
Genitive	حُرَمٍ‎; حُرَمَاتٍ ḥuramin‎; ḥuramātin	الْحُرَمِ‎; الْحُرَمَاتِ al-ḥurami‎; al-ḥuramāti	حُرَمِ‎; حُرَمَاتِ ḥurami‎; ḥuramāti

Descendants

• → Avar: хӏурмат (ḥʳurmat)
• → Azerbaijani: hörmət
• → Bashkir: хөрмәт (xörmət)
• → Bengali: হুরমত (hurmôt)
• → Indonesian: hormat
• → Kazakh: құрмет (qūrmet)
• → Ottoman Turkish: حرمت
  • Turkish: hürmet
• → Pashto: حرمت
• → Persian: حرمت (hormat)
  • → Urdu: حرمت (hurmat)
• → Tabasaran: гьюрмат (hjurmat)
• → Turkmen: hormat
• → Uyghur: ھۆرمەت (hörmet)
• → Uzbek: hurmat

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حرمة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[3], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 2

Noun

حِرْمَة • (ḥirma) f

1. verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
2. rut
3. deception

Declension

Declension of noun حِرْمَة (ḥirma)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِرْمَة ḥirma	الْحِرْمَة al-ḥirma	حِرْمَة ḥirmat
Nominative	حِرْمَةٌ ḥirmatun	الْحِرْمَةُ al-ḥirmatu	حِرْمَةُ ḥirmatu
Accusative	حِرْمَةً ḥirmatan	الْحِرْمَةَ al-ḥirmata	حِرْمَةَ ḥirmata
Genitive	حِرْمَةٍ ḥirmatin	الْحِرْمَةِ al-ḥirmati	حِرْمَةِ ḥirmati

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حرمة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ح ر م
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic حُرْمَة (ḥurma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈħur.ma/, [ˈħʊr.ma]

Noun

حرمة • (ḥurma) f (construct state حُرْمَة (ḥurmat), dual حرمتين (ḥurmatēn), plural حريم (ḥarīm))

1. woman

   Synonym: (rarely used and only used in the context of wife) مرة (mara)

2. (rare) holiness, sanctity, sacredness