क्रिया

See also: कार्य, क्रय, किराया, and कोरिया

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्रिया (kriyā́).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kɾɪ.jɑː/, [kɾi.jäː]

Noun

क्रिया • (kriyā) f (Urdu spelling کریا)

1. (grammar) verb
2. doing, performance
3. action, act, deed
4. undertaking
5. business
6. use
7. work, labour; literary work
8. medical treatment or practice
9. religious act or ceremony, pious act, a duty
10. obsequies
11. oath

Declension

Declension of क्रिया (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	क्रिया kriyā	क्रियाएँ kriyāẽ
oblique	क्रिया kriyā	क्रियाओं kriyāõ
vocative	क्रिया kriyā	क्रियाओ kriyāo

Derived terms

• क्रियाशील (kriyāśīl)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “क्रिया”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “क्रिया”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्रिया (kriyā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɾi.ja/

Noun

क्रिया • (kriyā) f

1. action, activity, act
2. process

   Synonym: प्रक्रिया (prakriyā)

3. doing
4. deed

   Synonym: कर्म (karma)

5. religious rite

Declension

Declension of क्रिया (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	क्रिया kriyā
direct plural	क्रिया kriyā
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	क्रिया kriyā		क्रिया kriyā
oblique सामान्यरूप	क्रिये kriye		क्रियां- kriyān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	क्रियेला kriyelā		क्रियांना kriyānnā
ergative	क्रियेने, क्रियेनं kriyene, kriyena		क्रियांनी kriyānnī
instrumental	क्रियेशी kriyeśī		क्रियांशी kriyānśī
locative सप्तमी	क्रियेत kriyet		क्रियांत kriyāt
vocative संबोधन	क्रिये kriye		क्रियांनो kriyānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of क्रिया (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	क्रियेचा kriyeċā	क्रियेचे kriyeċe	क्रियेची kriyecī	क्रियेच्या kriyecā	क्रियेचे, क्रियेचं kriyeċe, kriyeċa	क्रियेची kriyecī	क्रियेच्या kriyecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	क्रियांचा kriyānċā	क्रियांचे kriyānċe	क्रियांची kriyāñcī	क्रियांच्या kriyāncā	क्रियांचे, क्रियांचं kriyānċe, kriyānċa	क्रियांची kriyāñcī	क्रियांच्या kriyāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• अभिक्रिया (abhikriyā, “reaction”) (chemistry)
• क्रियापद (kriyāpad, “verb”)
• क्रियाविशेषण (kriyāviśeṣaṇ, “adverb”)
• क्रियाशील (kriyāśīl, “active”)
• प्रतिक्रिया (pratikriyā, “reaction”)
• शस्त्रक्रिया (śastrakriyā, “surgery, operation”)

 

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “क्रिया”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “क्रिया”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “क्रिया”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “क्रिया”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ক্ৰিয়া (Assamese script)
• ᬓ᭄ᬭᬶᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
• ক্রিয়া (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰿𑰨𑰰𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ကြိယာ (Burmese script)
• ક્રિયા (Gujarati script)
• ਕ੍ਰਿਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑍍𑌰𑌿𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦿꦶꦪꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂹𑂩𑂱𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಕ್ರಿಯಾ (Kannada script)
• ក្រិយា (Khmer script)
• ກ຺ຣິຍາ (Lao script)
• ക്രിയാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᡵᡳᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘿𑘨𑘱𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠷᠢᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧠𑧈𑧒𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
• କ୍ରିଯା (Odia script)
• ꢒ꣄ꢬꢶꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑇀𑆫𑆴𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖿𑖨𑖰𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ක්‍රියා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜 𑪙𑩼𑩑𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚶𑚤𑚮𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
• க்ரியா (Tamil script)
• క్రియా (Telugu script)
• กฺริยา (Thai script)
• ཀྲི་ཡཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑓂𑒩𑒱𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑩇𑨫𑨁𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Compound of क्रिय् (kriy) +‎ आ (ā), in which क्रिय् (kriy) is a Back-formation from क्रियते (kriyate), passive of करोति (karoti).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɾi.jɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾi.jɑː/

Noun

क्रिया • (kriyā́) stem, f

1. doing, performing, performance, occupation with (in compounds), business, act, action, undertaking, activity, work, labour
2. (grammar) action (as the general idea expressed by any verb), verb

   सकर्मक्रिया (sakarmakriyā) — "active" verb

   अकर्मक्रिया (akarmakriyā) — intransitive verb

3. a religious rite or ceremony, sacrificial act, sacrifice
4. religious action, worship
5. (Hinduism) Kriyā, (personified as a daughter of Daksha and wife of Dharma; or as a daughter of Kardama and wife of Kratu)
6. atonement
7. disquisition
8. study
9. means, expedient

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of क्रिया (kriyā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	क्रिया kriyā́	क्रिये kriyé	क्रियाः kriyā́ḥ
Vocative	क्रिये kríye	क्रिये kríye	क्रियाः kríyāḥ
Accusative	क्रियाम् kriyā́m	क्रिये kriyé	क्रियाः kriyā́ḥ
Instrumental	क्रियया / क्रिया¹ kriyáyā / kriyā́¹	क्रियाभ्याम् kriyā́bhyām	क्रियाभिः kriyā́bhiḥ
Dative	क्रियायै kriyā́yai	क्रियाभ्याम् kriyā́bhyām	क्रियाभ्यः kriyā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	क्रियायाः / क्रियायै² kriyā́yāḥ / kriyā́yai²	क्रियाभ्याम् kriyā́bhyām	क्रियाभ्यः kriyā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	क्रियायाः / क्रियायै² kriyā́yāḥ / kriyā́yai²	क्रिययोः kriyáyoḥ	क्रियाणाम् kriyā́ṇām
Locative	क्रियायाम् kriyā́yām	क्रिययोः kriyáyoḥ	क्रियासु kriyā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• → Assamese: ক্ৰিয়া (kria)
• → English: Kriya, kriya
• → Burmese: ကြိယာ (kri.ya)
• → Hindi: क्रिया (kriyā)
• → Javanese: ꦏꦿꦶꦪ (kriya)
• → Khmer: កិរិយា (keriyaa)
• → Marathi: क्रिया (kriyā)
• → Nepali: क्रिया (kriyā)
• → Punjabi: ਕਿਰਿਆ (kiriā)
• → Sinhalese: ක්‍රියාව (kriyāwa)
• → Tamil: கிரியை (kiriyai)
• → Telugu: క్రియ (kriya)
• → Thai: กริยา (grì-yaa)
• → Urdu: کریا (kryā)

References

• “क्रिया” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 137.
• Monier Williams (1899) “क्रिया”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0320.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “क्रिया”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 076
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 257