乖

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

乖 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹十中心 (HJLP), four-corner 2011₁, composition ⿻千北)

Derived characters

• 㔞, 㪓, 𡮓, 𢮿, 䂷, 埀, 䓙, 㾩, 𡇸

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 149
• Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 38, character 18
• Unihan data for U+4E56

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Chinese

trad.		乖
simp. #		乖
alternative forms		𠁰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script s02657 Transcribed ancient scripts L30930 L30931 L30932 L03756 L03757 L03758 L03759 L03760 L03761 L03762 L03763
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): guāi (guai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄞ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): guai¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaai¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kôai
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koai

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guai
    • Wade–Giles: kuai¹
    • Yale: gwāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guai
    • Palladius: гуай (guaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯aɪ̯⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: guai¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: guai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuai⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwaai¹
    • Yale: gwāai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: guai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôai
    • Hakka Romanization System: guai^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: guai¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ku̯ai̯²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koai
    • Tâi-lô: kuai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koay
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuai³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuai⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kweaj

Rime
Character	乖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	皆 (34)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古懷切
Baxter	kweaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwəɨj/
Li Rong	/kuɛi/
Wang Li	/kwɐi/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guāi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤrəj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷrɯːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guāi
Middle Chinese	‹ kwɛj ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷˁrəj/
English	oppose; disorder
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乖
Reading #	1/1
No.	4401
Phonetic component	乖
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	乖
Old Chinese	/*kʷrɯːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 乖

1. to violate; to rebel
2. to separate; to split
3. to break off; to cut off
4. difference; mistake
5. crafty; shrewd; wicked
6. clever; alert
7. (usually of a child) well-behaved; obedient; nice; untroublesome

   • 你個仔真係好乖。 [Cantonese, trad.]
     你个仔真系好乖。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     nei⁵ go³ zai² zan¹ hai⁶ hou² gwaai¹. [Jyutping]

     Your son is very well-behaved.

8. (dialectal) beautiful

Usage notes

Unlike English obedient, 乖 is almost always a positive compliment when used to describe a child. When used for an adult, the word is often disparaging.

Antonyms

• (naughty): (Cantonese) 曳 (jai5)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

乖

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. to diverge, to disobey, to go against

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
• Kun: もとる (motoru, 乖る); そむく (somuku, 乖く)

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Korean

Hanja

乖 • (goe)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 괴 (revised: goe, McCune–Reischauer: koe, Yale: koy)
  • Name (hangeul): 어그러질
    (revised: eogeureojil, McCune–Reischauer: ǒgǔrǒjil)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乖

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Vietnamese

Han character

乖: Hán Nôm readings: quai, quay

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation