亹

Translingual

Han character

亹 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+19, 21 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹月一 (YHBM), four-corner 0010₇, composition ⿱亠舋)

Derived characters

• 𤅣, 𭯯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 90, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 342
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 294, character 12
• Unihan data for U+4EB9

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Chinese

trad.		亹
simp. #		亹

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亹
Transcribed ancient scripts L13866 L13867 L13868 L13869
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (釁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
釁	*hmrɯns
舋	*hmrɯns
亹	*mɯlʔ, *mɯːn
斖	*mɯlʔ
虋	*mɯːn
璺	*mɯns

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wěi (wei³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wěi
    • Wade–Giles: wei³
    • Yale: wěi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mei⁵
    • Yale: méih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: mj+jX

Rime
Character	亹
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	無匪切
Baxter	mj+jX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉiX/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨiX/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mujX/
Li Rong	/miuəiX/
Wang Li	/mĭwəiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/mwe̯iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wěi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mərʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亹
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wěi
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨjX ›
Old Chinese	/*mərʔ/
English	diligent
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亹
Reading #	1/2
No.	13853
Phonetic component	釁
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	尾
Old Chinese	/*mɯlʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 亹

1. Only used in 亹亹 (wěiwěi).

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mén (men²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mun⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mén
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mén
    • Wade–Giles: mên²
    • Yale: mén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: men
    • Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mun⁴
    • Yale: mùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: mwon

Rime
Character	亹
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫奔切
Baxter	mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwən/
Li Rong	/muən/
Wang Li	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亹
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mén
Middle Chinese	‹ mwon ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁər/
English	river-gorge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亹
Reading #	2/2
No.	13856
Phonetic component	釁
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	門
Old Chinese	/*mɯːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 亹

1. mountain pass; narrow passage of a gorge where the mountains at both sides face each other like a gate

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 亹 – see 眉 (“eyebrow; upper margin of a book, leaflet, or page; header”). (This character is a variant form of 眉).

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Japanese

Kanji

亹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. busy, untiring
2. to exert, to progress

Readings

“Diligent”, “beautiful”:

• Go-on: み (mi)
• Kan-on: び (bi)
• Kun: つとめる (tsutomeru, 亹める); うつくしい (utsukushii, 亹しい)

“Mountain pass”:

• Go-on: もん (mon)
• Kan-on: ぼん (bon)

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Korean

Hanja

亹 • (mi, mun) (hangeul 미, 문, revised mi, mun, McCune–Reischauer mi, mun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.