副

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

副 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一田中弓 (MWLN), four-corner 1260₀, composition ⿰畐刂)

Derived characters

• 㨽, 𫋖, 𨄩, 𠠦, 𦸕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2097
• Dae Jaweon: page 322, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 347, character 16
• Unihan data for U+526F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		副
alternative forms		付 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 副
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
富	*pɯɡs
輻	*pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副	*pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔	*pʰɯɡs
蔔	*bɯːɡ
匐	*bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼	*prɯɡ
偪	*prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅	*prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅	*prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢	*prɯɡ
堛	*pʰrɯɡ
愊	*pʰrɯɡ
踾	*pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊	*pʰrɯɡ
稫	*pʰrɯɡ
畐	*pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈	*pʰrɯɡ
腷	*brɯɡ
鶝	*brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福	*pɯɡ
蝠	*pɯɡ
葍	*pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ) : phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fu³
    • Yale: fu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
    • Tâi-lô: hù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hu²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hu¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hu³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: phjuwH

Rime
Character	副
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	敷救切
Baxter	phjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuwH/
Li Rong	/pʰiuH/
Wang Li	/pʰĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	副
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ phjuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰək-s/
English	secondary
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	副
Reading #	3/3
No.	3404
Phonetic component	畐
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蝮
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 副

1. secondary, auxiliary
2. (grammar) Short for 副詞／副词 (fùcí, “adverb”).
3. classifier for pairs, sets of things & facial expressions
4. assistant, deputy

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bì
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bì
    • Wade–Giles: pi⁴
    • Yale: bì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
    • Palladius: би (bi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: phjuwk, phik

Rime
Character	副	副
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	芳福切	芳逼切
Baxter	phjuwk	phik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨuk̚/	/pʰɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiuk̚/	/pʰɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuk̚/	/pʰiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuwk̚/	/pʰik̚/
Li Rong	/pʰiuk̚/	/pʰiək̚/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuk̚/	/pʰĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uk̚/	/pʰi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fu	pi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk1	pik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰrək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯɡs/, /*pʰrɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	副
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ phik ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰrək/
English	split, cut open, cleave
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	副	副
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	3374	3388
Phonetic component	畐	畐
Rime group	代	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	副	堛
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯɡs/	/*pʰrɯɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 副

1. to split open

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

副

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō); ふ (fu)
• Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō); ふう (fū)
• Kun: そう (sou, 副う); そえ (soe)

Compounds

• 介副(かいぞえ) (kaizoe)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
副
ふく Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 副 (MC phjuwH).

Noun

副(ふく) • (fuku) 

1. copy
2. Short for 副詞 (fukushi, “adverb”).

Prefix

副(ふく) • (fuku-) 

1. assistant, sub-, vice-, auxiliary, supplemental

Derived terms

• 副王(ふくおう) (fukuō)
• 副官(ふくかん) (fukukan), 副官(ふっかん) (fukkan)
• 副業(ふくぎょう) (fukugyō)
• 副署(ふくしょ) (fukusho)
• 副将(ふくしょう) (fukushō)
• 副賞(ふくしょう) (fukushō)
• 副食(ふくしょく) (fukushoku)
• 副審(ふくしん) (fukushin)
• 副腎(ふくじん) (fukujin)
• 副層(ふくそう) (fukusō)
• 副題(ふくだい) (fukudai)
• 副本(ふくほん) (fukuhon)
• 関副(かんふく) (kanfuku)
• 正副(せいふく) (seifuku)
• 大(たい)副(ふ) (taifu)
• 副(ふく)詞(し) (fukushi)
• 副(ふく)意(い)識(しき) (fukuishiki)
• 副音声(ふくおんせい) (fukuonsei)
• 副会長(ふくかいちょう) (fukukaichō)
• 副監督(ふくかんとく) (fukukantoku)
• 副(ふく)作(さ)用(よう) (fukusayō)
• 副産物(ふくさんぶつ) (fukusanbutsu)
• 副(ふく)詞(し)節(せつ) (fukushisetsu)
• 副(ふく)次(じ)的(てき) (fukujiteki)
• 副社長(ふくしゃちょう) (fukushachō)
• 副首相(ふくしゅしょう) (fukushushō)
• 副収入(ふくしゅうにゅう) (fukushūnyū)
• 副助(ふくじょ)詞(し) (fukujoshi)
• 副食物(ふくしょくぶつ) (fukushokubutsu)
• 副神経(ふくしんけい) (fukushinkei)
• 副振動(ふくしんどう) (fukushindō)
• 副葬品(ふくそうひん) (fukusōhin)
• 副(ふく)知事(ちじ) (fukuchiji)
• 副(ふく)鼻(び)腔(こう) (fukubikō), 副(ふく)鼻(び)腔(くう) (fukubikū)
• 副甲状腺(ふくこうじょうせん) (fukukōjōsen)
• 副操縦(ふくそうじゅう)士(し) (fukusōjūshi)
• 副大統(ふくだいとう)領(りょう) (fukudaitōryō)

 

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Korean

Hanja

副 • (bu, bok) (hangeul 부, 복, revised bu, bok, McCune–Reischauer pu, pok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

副: Hán Nôm readings: phó, pho

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.