危

危 U+5371, 危 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5371 ← 印 [U+5370] CJK Unified Ideographs 卲 → [U+5372]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

危 (Kangxi radical 26, 卩+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓一尸山 (NMSU), four-corner 2721₂, composition ⿸厃㔾)

Derived characters

• 佹, 𠱓, 垝, 姽, 尯, 峗, 𢂕, 恑, 㧪, 洈, 陒, 㫉, 𣆡, 脆, 桅, 𤙙, 𤥕, 祪, 硊, 䍯, 蛫, 觤, 詭(诡), 跪, 䤥, 鮠(𬶏), 𣢪, 䣀, 㩻, 頠(𬱟), 𡧭, 峞, 𢈌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 159, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2849
• Dae Jaweon: page 364, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 312, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5371

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		危

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 危
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (危) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鮠	*ŋuːl
峞	*ŋuːl, *ŋuːlʔ
頠	*ŋuːlʔ, *ŋrolʔ
詭	*krolʔ
垝	*krolʔ, *krols
陒	*krolʔ
觤	*krolʔ
恑	*krolʔ
蛫	*krolʔ
祪	*krolʔ
洈	*krolʔ, *ŋrol
姽	*krolʔ, *ŋrolʔ
桅	*krolʔ
佹	*krolʔ
跪	*kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ
危	*ŋrol
峗	*ŋrol
硊	*ŋrolʔ
卼	*kʰruls

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 厃 + semantic 卪.

Etymology

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋō̆j (~-ō̆l) (“high, rise”) and compares 危 to Burmese [script needed] (ŋwah, “be large, great, be high, to project prominently above and beyond others”), Jingpho [script needed] (ŋoi, “to rise, as a hill”); & possibly Proto-Kiranti *ŋo-.

Schuessler (2007) notes that Chinese and Written Burmese can be reconciled by assuming an ST final *-l; furthermore, 危 (OC *ŋoi) may be a vocalic variant of 巍 (OC *ŋui), which in turn is related to 魏 (OC *ŋuih).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wēi, wéi

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟ, ㄨㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngùi

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngui²

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gûi / hûi / ûi / lûi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngui⁵ / nguin⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wei
    • Wade–Giles: wei¹
    • Yale: wēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
    • Wade–Giles: wei²
    • Yale: wéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngai⁴
    • Yale: ngàih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngùi
    • Hakka Romanization System: nguiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngui²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngui²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋuɪ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûi
    • Tâi-lô: guî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: guii
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen): /ɡui²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡui¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûi
    • Tâi-lô: huî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huii
    • IPA (Xiamen, Tainan, Yilan): /hui²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
    • Tâi-lô: uî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ui²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûi
    • Tâi-lô: luî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luii

Note:

• gûi - literary;
• hûi - vernacular;
• ûi/lûi - colloquial.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ngui⁵ / nguin⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngûi / ngûiⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋui⁵⁵/, /ŋũĩ⁵⁵/

Note:

• ngui5 - Shantou;
• nguin5 - Chaozhou.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 危
Mandarin	Beijing	/uei⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/uei²¹³/
	Tianjin	/vei²¹/
	Jinan	/vei⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ve⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/uei⁵³/
	Xi'an	/uei²¹/
	Xining	/uɨ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/vei⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/vei³¹/
	Ürümqi	/vei⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/uei²¹³/
	Chengdu	/uei³¹/
	Guiyang	/uei²¹/
	Kunming	/uei³¹/
	Nanjing	/uəi²⁴/
	Hefei	/ue⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/vei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/uei¹³/
	Hohhot	/vei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦue²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦue̞¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦui²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵy³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ue⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ue⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/uei¹³/
	Xiangtan	/uəi¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ui⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋui¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/vui¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋɐi²¹/
	Nanning	/ŋɐi²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ŋɐi²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/gui³⁵/ /hui³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ŋuoi⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ŋy³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ŋũi⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ŋui³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: ngjwe

Rime
Character	危
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	支 (14)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚爲切
Baxter	ngjwe
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiuᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjwiə̆/
Li Rong	/ŋjue/
Wang Li	/ŋǐwe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋwie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)[o]j/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋrol/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	危
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wēi
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjwe ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)[o]j/
English	in danger
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	危
Reading #	1/1
No.	12781
Phonetic component	危
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	危
Old Chinese	/*ŋrol/

Definitions

File:Taiwan 危 sign.jpg

Taiwan danger sign featuring 危

(deprecated template usage) 危

1. dangerous
2. precarious; high
3. roof
4. (～宿) (astronomy) the Roof, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Pegasus
5. a surname

Pronunciation 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 危 – see 懸 (“(Teochew) high; tall”). (This character is a variant form of 懸).

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Japanese

Kanji

危

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. danger

Readings

• Go-on: ぎ (gi)^{←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)}
• Kan-on: ぎ (gi)^{←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)}
• Kan’yō-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kun: あぶない (abunai, 危ない, Jōyō); あやうい (ayaui, 危うい, Jōyō)^{←あやふい (ayafui, 危ふい, historical)}; あやぶむ (ayabumu, 危ぶむ, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 安(あん)危(き) (anki, “safety”)
• 危(き)害(がい) (kigai, “harm”)
• 危(き)機(き) (kiki, “crisis”)
• 危(き)急(きゅう) (kikyū, “emergency”)
• 危(き)惧(ぐ) (kigu, “apprehension”)
• 危(き)険(けん) (kiken, “dangerous”)
• 危(き)殆(たい) (kitai, “grave danger”)
• 危(き)篤(とく) (kitoku, “critical illness”)
• 危(き)難(なん) (kinan, “calamity”)

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Korean

Hanja

危 • (wi)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 위 (revised: wi, McCune–Reischauer: wi)
  • Name (hangeul): 위태할
    (revised: witaehal, McCune–Reischauer: wit'aehal)

1. dangerous, precarious
2. high

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Vietnamese

Han character

危: Hán Nôm readings: nguy, ngoay, ngoe, nguầy, ngùy/nguỳ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.