坎

See also: ☵

Translingual

Han character

坎 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土弓人 (GNO), four-corner 4718₂, composition ⿰土欠)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 225, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4928
• Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 425, character 4
• Unihan data for U+574E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		坎
alternative forms		埳

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (欠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
坎	*kʰoːmʔ, *kʰoːms
扻	*kʰoːmʔ
砍	*kʰoːmʔ
芡	*ɡromʔ
欠	*kʰoms
杴	*qʰom
鍁	*qʰam

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎn (kan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham² / ham¹ / ham³
• Northern Min (KCR): kǎng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kam²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan³
    • Yale: kǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ham² / ham¹ / ham³
    • Yale: hám / hām / ham
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham² / ham¹ / ham³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem² / hem¹ / hem³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm³⁵/, /hɐm⁵⁵/, /hɐm³³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khám
    • Tâi-lô: khám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qarm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kam²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khám
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰam⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: khomX

Rime
Character	坎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦感切
Baxter	khomX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌmX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəmX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəmX/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀmX/
Wang Li	/kʰɒmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤomʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːmʔ/, /*kʰoːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	坎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ khomX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁomʔ/
English	pit (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坎	坎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10269	10272
Phonetic component	欠	欠
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	坎	勘
Old Chinese	/*kʰoːmʔ/	/*kʰoːms/
Notes		墈正體

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 坎

1. pit, hole
2. snare, trap
3. crisis
4. 6th of the 8 trigrams
5. 29th hexagram of the I Ching
6. Short for 坎德拉 (kǎndélā).

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Japanese

Kanji

坎

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: あな (ana, 坎)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
坎
かん Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 坎 (MC khomX).

Noun

坎(かん) • (kan) 

1. pit; hole; pitfall
2. one of the eight trigrams: ☵

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Korean

Hanja

坎 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam)

1. pit, hole
2. snare, trap
3. crisis

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 坎 (khảm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.