坷

Translingual

Han character

坷 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土一弓口 (GMNR), four-corner 4112₀, composition ⿰土可)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 38
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4994
• Dae Jaweon: page 462, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 429, character 16
• Unihan data for U+5777

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		坷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
砢	*ɡ·raːlʔ
柯	*kaːl
菏	*kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁	*kaːl
滒	*kaːl
哥	*kaːl
歌	*kaːl
謌	*kaːl
鴚	*kaːl
哿	*kaːlʔ
舸	*kaːlʔ
笴	*kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻	*kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂	*kʰaːl
可	*kʰaːlʔ
岢	*kʰaːlʔ
坷	*kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵	*kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵	*qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶	*qʰaːl
抲	*qʰaːl
荷	*qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何	*ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河	*ɡaːl
苛	*ɡaːl
魺	*ɡaːl
袔	*ɡaːls
阿	*qaːl
妸	*qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴	*qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳	*qaːl
娿	*qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾	*qaːl
跒	*kʰraːlʔ
閜	*qʰraːlʔ

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kě (ke³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ho²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khóⁿ / khó / khia̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ko¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kě
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kě
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo³
    • Yale: kě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kee
    • Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ho²
    • Yale: hó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ho²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ho²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: khónn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qvor
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó
    • Tâi-lô: khó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoir
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: khia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiat
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛt̚⁴/

Note: khia̍t - 碣 is used in the Mainland.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ko¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kho
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰo³³/

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• Middle Chinese: khaX, khaH

Rime
Character	坷	坷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	枯我切	口箇切
Baxter	khaX	khaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑX/	/kʰɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑX/	/kʰɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑX/	/kʰɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaX/	/kʰaH/
Li Rong	/kʰɑX/	/kʰɑH/
Wang Li	/kʰɑX/	/kʰɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑX/	/kʰɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kě	kè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho2	ho3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːlʔ/, /*kʰaːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坷	坷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7449	7450
Phonetic component	可	可
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	可	坷
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːlʔ/	/*kʰaːls/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 坷

1. Only used in 坎坷 (kǎnkě).

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kē (ke¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ho¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kē
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ke
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo¹
    • Yale: kē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
    • Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ho¹
    • Yale: hō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ho¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ho¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 坷

1. Used in 坷垃 (kēlā).
2. A placename in ancient China.

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Japanese

Kanji

坷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): か (ka)

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Korean

Hanja

坷 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 坷 (kha, khá, khú)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation