垢

Translingual

Han character

垢 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土竹一口 (GHMR), four-corner 4216₁, composition ⿰土后)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5058
• Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 440, character 1
• Unihan data for U+57A2

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		垢

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (后) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
垢	*koːʔ
詬	*koːʔ, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs
茩	*koːʔ
姤	*koːs
銗	*ɡoː
骺	*ɡoː
后	*ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs
垕	*ɡoːʔ
郈	*ɡoːʔ
逅	*ɡoːs
鲘
缿	*ɡoːs, *ɡroːŋʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòu (gou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kèu
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kió / kó͘ / káu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòu
    • Wade–Giles: kou⁴
    • Yale: gòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gow
    • Palladius: гоу (gou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gau³
    • Yale: gau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: geu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: geu²
    • Sinological IPA: /keu̯¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kió
    • Tâi-lô: kió
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kioir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kor
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káu
    • Tâi-lô: káu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kao
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kau⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau⁴¹/

Note:

• kió/kó͘ - literary;
• káu - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: kuwX

Rime
Character	垢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古厚切
Baxter	kuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəuX/
Pan Wuyun	/kəuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwX/
Li Rong	/kuX/
Wang Li	/kəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垢
Reading #	1/1
No.	5160
Phonetic component	后
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	苟
Old Chinese	/*koːʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 垢

1. filth; dirt
2. dust
3. shame

   alt. forms: 詬／诟 (gòu)

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Japanese

Kanji

垢

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. grime

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: あか (aka, 垢); はじ (haji, 垢)

Compounds

Compounds

• 頭垢(ふけ) (fuke): dandruff
• 目垢(めあか) (meaka): rheum

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
垢
あか Hyōgai
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

垢(あか) • (aka) 

1. scum
2. dirt

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
垢
あか Hyōgai
kun'yomi

ateji (当て字), short for English account.

Noun

垢(あか) • (aka) 

1. (slang, computing) account

   垢(あか)BAN(バン)

   aka-ban

   ban of one's account

   • さっきプレミアム垢(あか)にしてきたので画質(がしつ)テスト版(ばん)です。[1]

     Sakki puremiamu aka ni shitekita no de gashitsu tesuto ban desu.

     I just made my account a premium account, so this is a video quality test version.

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Korean

Hanja

垢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 垢 (cấu, cáu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.