奄

Translingual

Han character

奄 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大中田山 (KLWU), four-corner 4071₆, composition ⿱大电(GTJKV) or ⿱大⿻日㇄(T))

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 250, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5881
• Dae Jaweon: page 510, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 534, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5944

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Chinese

trad.		奄
simp. #		奄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 奄
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (奄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
庵	*qoːm, *qoːb
鵪	*qoːm
菴	*qoːm, *qrom
馣	*qoːm
晻	*qoːmʔ, *qromʔ
唵	*qoːmʔ
黤	*qoːmʔ, *qraːmʔ
埯	*qaːmʔ, *qomʔ
淹	*qroːm, *qrom, *qom, *qoms
閹	*qrom, *qromʔ
崦	*qrom
醃	*qrom, *qom
掩	*qromʔ
奄	*qromʔ
罨	*qromʔ, *qoːb, *qob
裺	*qromʔ, *qoms
俺	*qromʔ, *qoms
腌	*qom, *qrob, *qob
殗	*qob
餣	*qob

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iám

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
    • Wade–Giles: yen³
    • Yale: yǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jim²
    • Yale: yím
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yim²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
    • Tâi-lô: iám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iam⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iam⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jemX

Rime
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	衣儉切
Baxter	'jemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛmX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiamX/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛmX/
Wang Li	/ĭɛmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)omʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qromʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjemX ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)omʔ/
English	cover
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
No.	14344
Phonetic component	奄
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	奄
Old Chinese	/*qromʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 奄

1. ^† to cover
2. ^† hastily; quickly; suddenly

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǎn, yān

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ, ㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iám / iam / am

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
    • Wade–Giles: yen³
    • Yale: yǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yān
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yan
    • Wade–Giles: yen¹
    • Yale: yān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jim¹
    • Yale: yīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
    • Tâi-lô: iám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iam
    • Tâi-lô: iam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iafm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iam³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: am
    • Tâi-lô: am
    • Phofsit Daibuun: afm
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /am⁴⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 奄

1. ^† feeble
2. a surname

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yān (yan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yān
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yan
    • Wade–Giles: yen¹
    • Yale: yān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jim¹
    • Yale: yīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 奄

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 閹／阉 (yān, “castrate; eunuch”).
2. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”).

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Japanese

Kanji

奄

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. cover
2. suffocate
3. obstruct

Readings

• Go-on: えん (en)^{←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: えん (en)^{←えん (en, historical)←えむ (emu, ancient)}
• Kun: おおう (ōu, 奄う)^{←おほふ (ofofu, 奄ふ, historical)}; たちまち (tachimachi, 奄ち)
• Nanori: あま (ama)

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Korean

Hanja

奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 奄 (ăm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.