恫

Translingual

Han character

恫 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心月一口 (PBMR), four-corner 9702₀, composition ⿰忄同)

1. in pain, sorrowful

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10594
• Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2295, character 8
• Unihan data for U+606B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		恫

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鮦	*duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ
侗	*tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
恫	*tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs
痌	*tʰoːŋ
同	*doːŋ
仝	*zlon, *doːŋ
銅	*doːŋ
桐	*doːŋ
峒	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
硐	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
筒	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
洞	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
烔	*doːŋ
挏	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
酮	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
鲖
眮	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
衕	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
哃	*doːŋ
絧	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
姛	*doːŋʔ
詷	*doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
胴	*doːŋs
駧	*doːŋs
迵	*doːŋs
戙	*doːŋs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dòng (dong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung⁶ / tung¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
    • Wade–Giles: tung⁴
    • Yale: dùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
    • Palladius: дун (dun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dung⁶ / tung¹
    • Yale: duhng / tūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung⁶ / tung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung⁶ / tung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ²²/, /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: thuwng, duwngH

Rime
Character	恫	恫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他紅切	徒弄切
Baxter	thuwng	duwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuŋ/	/duŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuŋ/	/duŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuŋ/	/duŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəwŋ/	/dəwŋH/
Li Rong	/tʰuŋ/	/duŋH/
Wang Li	/tʰuŋ/	/duŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuŋ/	/dʱuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tōng	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung1	dung6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰoːŋ/, /*doːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恫	恫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12443	12470
Phonetic component	同	同
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	通	洞
Old Chinese	/*tʰoːŋ/	/*doːŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 恫

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• “恫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

恫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ず (zu); ずう (zū); つう (tsū)
• Kan-on: とう (tō)
• Kan’yō-on: どう (dō)
• Kun: いたむ (itamu, 恫む)

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Korean

Hanja

恫 • (tong) (hangeul 통, revised tong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, Yale thong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 恫 (động, thông)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation