憾

Translingual

Han character

憾 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心戈口心 (PIRP), four-corner 9303₅, composition ⿰忄感)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11312
• Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2360, character 12
• Unihan data for U+61BE

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Chinese

trad.		憾
simp. #		憾
alternative forms		⿰忄⿱干心 (second-round simplified)

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	*kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗	*kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	*qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	*krɯːm, *kjum
黬	*krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減	*krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	*ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	*ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hām

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴
    • Yale: hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ham⁶
    • Yale: hahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hām
    • Tâi-lô: hām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ham
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ham²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ham⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ham³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham³³/

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• Middle Chinese: homH

Rime
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡紺切
Baxter	homH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəmH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəmH/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀmH/
Wang Li	/ɣɒmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣămH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤ[ə]mʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hàn
Middle Chinese	‹ homH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kˁ[ə]mʔ-s/
English	dissatisfied
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
No.	13504
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	憾
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯːms/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 憾

1. regret
2. (literary) resentment

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Japanese

Kanji

憾

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. remorse

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: うらむ (uramu, 憾む)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
憾
かん Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 憾 (MC homH).

Affix

憾(かん) • (kan) 

1. remorse; regret

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Korean

Hanja

憾 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 憾 (hám, hóm, gớm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.