敵

See also: 敌

Translingual

Han character

敵 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜月人大 (YBOK), four-corner 0824₀, composition ⿰啇攵)

Derived characters

• 𭟗, 𢸑, 𧁱, 𡒱

Related characters

• 敌 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 474, character 48
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13354
• Dae Jaweon: page 828, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1475, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6575

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Chinese

trad.		敵
simp.		敌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (帝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
膪	*rtaːɡs, *rteːɡs
揥	*tʰeds, *teː
腣	*teː, *teːɡs
諦	*teːɡs
偙	*teːɡs
渧	*teːɡs
帝	*teːɡs
楴	*tʰeːɡs
啼	*deː
蹄	*deː
締	*deː, *deːɡs
崹	*deː
鶙	*deː
禘	*deːɡs
啻	*hljeɡs
嫡	*rteɡ, *teːɡ
摘	*rteːɡ, *tʰeːɡ
謫	*rteːɡ
讁	*rteːɡ
擿	*deɡ
蹢	*deɡ, *teːɡ
適	*tjeɡ, *hljeɡ, *teːɡ
啇	*teːɡ
滴	*teːɡ
鏑	*teːɡ
甋	*teːɡ
樀	*teːɡ, *deːɡ
敵	*deːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːɡ) : phonetic 啻 (OC *hljeɡs) + semantic 攴 (“to tap; to hit”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-taːy (“to retaliate; to grudge”). Cognate with Jingpho tai (tai³¹, “to avenge; to retaliate”) and Mizo tǎi (“to be at enmity with one another (intense); to have a grudge against”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dí (di²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dik⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thi̍t
• Northern Min (KCR): dĭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): dĭk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dêg⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵diq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dí
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dí
    • Wade–Giles: ti²
    • Yale: dí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
    • Palladius: ди (di)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dik⁶
    • Yale: dihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: tid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰit̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ti̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dek
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tek̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵diq
    • MiniDict: dih^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²diq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /diɪʔ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: dek

Rime
Character	敵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒歷切
Baxter	dek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/dek̚/
Wang Li	/diek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*deːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dí
Middle Chinese	‹ dek ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁek/
English	oppose; enemy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敵
Reading #	1/1
No.	2340
Phonetic component	帝
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	荻
Old Chinese	/*deːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 敵

1. enemy; foe; rival
2. hostile; antagonistic
3. to resist

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Japanese

Kanji

敵

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じゃく (jaku)^{←ぢやく (dyaku, historical)}
• Kan-on: てき (teki, Jōyō)
• Kun: あだ (ada, 敵); かたき (kataki, 敵, Jōyō)

Noun

敵(かたき) • (kataki) 

1. an enemy
2. rival

Alternative forms

• 仇

Noun

敵(てき) • (teki) 

1. an enemy
2. an opponent; a competitor

   敵(てき)を倒(たお)す

   teki o taosu

   defeat an opponent

   • 1999 March 1, “とろける赤(あか)き影(かげ) [Melting Red Shadow]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:

     体(からだ)を溶(と)かして足(あし)もとの影(かげ)にもぐり、敵(てき)の真(ま)下(した)から攻(こう)撃(げき)する。

     Karada o tokashite ashimoto no kage ni moguri, teki no mashita kara kōgeki suru.

     It strikes its enemies directly from below as its melting body dives in the shadows under their feet.

   • 2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第(だい)60(ろくじゅう)話(わ)　少(しょう)女(じょ)の決(けつ)意(い) [Chapter 60: A Girl’s Resolve]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 24–25:

     敵(てき)であるオマエを信(しん)じろと言(い)うのか？

     Teki de aru omae o shinjiro to iu no ka?

     You’re my opponent. Why should I believe you?

     嘘(うそ)は言(い)ってねェ！信(しん)じてくれ

     Uso wa itte nē! Shinjite kure

     I’m telling the truth! Believe me

Compounds

• 敵対(てきたい) (tekitai)

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Korean

Hanja

敵 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 敵 (địch)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.