朝臣

Chinese

		morning; to face; towards morning; to face; towards; facing; direct; a dynasty; the imperial court; Korea, esp. N. Korea (abbrev.)	statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official
simp. and trad. (朝臣)		朝	臣

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cháochén

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ ㄔㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu⁴ san⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiâu-sîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cháochén
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄔㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cháochén
    • Wade–Giles: chʻao²-chʻên²
    • Yale: cháu-chén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaurchern
    • Palladius: чаочэнь (čaočɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ciu⁴ san⁴
    • Yale: chìuh sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu⁴ san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qiu⁴ sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ sɐn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu-sîn
    • Tâi-lô: tiâu-sîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diausiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiau²⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau²⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³⁻²² sin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau²³⁻³³ sin²³/

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• Middle Chinese: drjew dzyin

Rime
Character	朝	臣
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直遙切	植鄰切
Baxter	drjew	dzyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiᴇu/	/d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚiɛu/	/d͡ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæu/	/d͡ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiaw/	/d͡ʑin/
Li Rong	/ȡjɛu/	/ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛu/	/ʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛu/	/ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháo	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ciu4	san4

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 朝臣

1. courtier (attendant at a royal court)

Synonyms

• 廷臣 (tíngchén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朝臣):

• → Japanese: 朝臣(ちょうしん) (chōshin)
• → Vietnamese: triều thần (朝臣)

Others:

• Old Japanese: 朝臣 (aso₂mi₁, aso₂)
  • Japanese: 朝臣 (asomi, ason)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朝	臣
あさ > あそ Grade: 2	おみ > ん Grade: 4
kun'yomi

⟨aso₂mi₁⟩ → */asəmʲɨ/ → */asomʉ/ → /asoɴ/

Shift from asomi below, Old Japanese aso₂mi₁.

The alternative readings are later-period shifts of the ason spelling.

Noun

朝(あそ)臣(ん) or 朝臣(あそう) or 朝臣(あっそん) • (ason or asō or asson) 

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”) [since 675 CE]
2. (historical) a title given to powerful courtiers and members of the imperial family up to the fourth rank [since the Heian period]

Derived terms

• 隆(たか)信(のぶ)朝臣集(あそんしゅう) (Takanobu Ason-shū)
• 名朝臣(なあそん) (na ason), 名(な)の朝臣(あそん) (na no ason)
• 名乗(なの)り朝臣(あそん) (nanori ason)

Pronoun

朝(あそ)臣(ん) • (ason) 

1. (archaic) second-person pronoun used as a form of mutual respect among courtiers, equivalent to あなた (anata) or 君 (kimi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
朝	臣
あさ > あそ Grade: 2	おみ > み Grade: 4
kun'yomi

⟨asa omi₁⟩ → ⟨aso₂mi₁⟩ → */asəmʲɨ/ → /asomi/

From Old Japanese.

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 朝臣 (MC drjew dzyin), equivalent to 朝 (asa, kun-reading of chō, “court”) +‎ 臣 (omi, “attendant, retainer”).

Noun

朝(あそ)臣(み) • (asomi) 

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”) [since 675 CE]
2. (historical) a title given to powerful courtiers and members of the imperial family up to the fourth rank [since the Heian period]

Derived terms

• 名字(みょうじ)朝臣(あそみ) (myōji asomi)

Coordinate terms

• 八色(やくさ)の姓(かばね) (Yakusa no Kabane): 真(ま)人(ひと) (mahito), 朝臣(あそみ) (asomi), 宿(すく)禰(ね) (sukune), 忌寸(いみき) (imiki), 道(みちの)師(し) (michinoshi), 臣(おみ) (omi), 連(むらじ) (muraji), 稲置(いなぎ) (inagi)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
朝	臣
ちょう Grade: 2	しん Grade: 4
kan'on

/teu ɕin/ → /t͡seuɕin/ → /t͡ɕoːɕin/

From Middle Chinese 朝臣 (MC drjew dzyin).

Compare modern Mandarin 朝臣 (cháochén).

Noun

朝(ちょう)臣(しん) • (chōshin) ^{←てうしん (teusin)?}

1. a courtier (attendant at a royal court)

   Synonym: 廷臣 (teishin)

See also

• 朝(ちょう)廷(てい) (chōtei)

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Old Japanese

Etymology 1

⟨asa omi₁⟩ → ⟨aso₂mi₁⟩

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 朝臣 (MC drjew dzyin), equivalent to 朝 (asa, kun-reading of teu, “court”) +‎ 臣 (omi₁, “attendant, retainer”).

Noun

朝臣 (aso₂mi₁) (kana あそみ)

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”)

Descendants

• Japanese: 朝臣 (あそみ, asomi, あそん, ason)

Etymology 2

Short-form of aso₂mi₁ above.

Noun

朝臣 (aso₂) (kana あそ)

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”)
   • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 71:

     多麻岐波流宇知能阿曾那許曾波余能那賀比登蘇良美都夜麻登能久迩爾加里古牟登岐久夜

     tama ki₁paru uti no₂ aso₂ na ko₂so₂ pa yo₂ no₂ nagapi₁to₂ so₁ra mi₁tu Yamato₂-no₂-kuni ni kari ko₁mu to₂ ki₁ku ya

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 内の朝臣 (uti no₂ aso₂, “minister of the interior”)