濫

See also: 滥

Translingual

Han character

濫 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+14 in Chinese, 水+15 in Japanese, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 水尸戈廿 (ESIT) or 水尸一廿 (ESMT), four-corner 3811₇, composition ⿰氵監)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 657, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18521
• Dae Jaweon: page 1067, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1766, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6FEB

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Chinese

trad.		濫
simp.		滥
alternative forms		㳕 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	*ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	*ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	*ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	*ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂	*ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	*kraːm, *kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	*kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): làn (lan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁶ / laam⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lām

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: làn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: làn
    • Wade–Giles: lan⁴
    • Yale: làn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
    • Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /län⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laam⁶ / laam⁵
    • Yale: laahm / láahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁶ / laam⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: lam⁶ / lam⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːm²²/, /laːm¹³/

Note: laam5 - colloquial variant (“excessive”).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lām
    • Tâi-lô: lām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lam²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lam³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam³³/

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• Middle Chinese: lamH

Rime
Character	濫
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧𣊟切
Baxter	lamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑmH/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑmH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lamH/
Li Rong	/lɑmH/
Wang Li	/lɑmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	làn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laam6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濫
Reading #	1/2
No.	6094
Phonetic component	監
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːms/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 濫

1. to overflow; to flood
2. excessive; indiscriminate

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haam⁵
    • Yale: háahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ham⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: haemX

Rime
Character	濫
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡黤切
Baxter	haemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠamX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚamX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣamX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨmX/
Li Rong	/ɣamX/
Wang Li	/ɣamX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣamX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濫
Reading #	2/2
No.	6112
Phonetic component	監
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	檻
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːmʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 濫

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 監／监 (“eunuch, supervisor”).

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Japanese

Kanji

濫

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): らん (ran, Jōyō)
• Kun: みだれる (midareru, 濫れる); みだりに (midarini, 濫りに)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
濫
らん Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 濫 (MC lamH).

Affix

濫(らん) • (ran) 

1. to overflow
2. excessive; superfluous

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 濫 is mostly replaced by 乱, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 濫 replaced by daiyōji 乱

乱伐

乱発

乱用

Derived terms

(Replaced by 乱 in modern orthography):

• 濫獲(らんかく) (rankaku)
• 濫作(らんさく) (ransaku)
• 濫(らん)訴(そ) (ranso)
• 濫造(らんぞう) (ranzō)
• 濫読(らんどく) (randoku)
• 濫入(らんにゅう) (rannyū)
• 濫伐(らんばつ) (ranbatsu)
• 濫発(らんぱつ) (ranpatsu)
• 濫(らん)費(ぴ) (ranpi)
• 濫用(らんよう) (ran'yō)
• 濫立(らんりつ) (ranritsu)

 

(Not replaced by 乱 in modern orthography):

• 濫(らん)觴(しょう) (ranshō)
• 氾濫(はんらん), 汎濫(はんらん), 泛濫(はんらん) (hanran)

 

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Korean

Hanja

濫 • (ram>nam, ham) (hangeul 람>남, 함, revised ram>nam, ham, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, ham, Yale lam>nam, ham)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 濫 (lạm, giậm, làm, lặm, lòm, lộm, lợm, lụm, luộm, trộm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.