玄孫

See also: 玄孙

Chinese

		black; mysterious	grandson
trad. (玄孫)		玄	孫
simp. (玄孙)		玄	孙

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xuánsūn

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴ syun¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'xyon⁴ sun¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hièn-sûn / hiàn-sûn

(Meixian, Guangdong): hian² sun¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hiân-sun / goân-sun

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiang⁵ sung¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yi-sen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuánsūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuánsun
  - Wade–Giles: hsüan²-sun¹
  - Yale: sywán-swūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuansuen
  - Palladius: сюаньсунь (sjuanʹsunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ su̯ən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴ syun¹
  - Yale: yùhn syūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴ syn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴ xun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹ syːn⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'xyon⁴ sun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈɕyɵn³⁵ sun⁴²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hièn-sûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien^ˇ sun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian² sun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯en¹¹ sun²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàn-sûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: hian^ˇ sun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian² sun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯an¹¹ sun²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian² sun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hian¹¹ sun⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân-sun
  - Tâi-lô: hiân-sun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hienswn
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn¹³⁻²² sun⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-sun
  - Tâi-lô: guân-sun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goanswn
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ sun⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiang⁵ sung¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâng sung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ suŋ³³/

Note: Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yi-sen
  - MiniDict: yi^去 sen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi-sen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²² sən⁴⁴/

Noun

玄孫

great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)
(Wu) great-grandson
distant descendant
- 漢獻帝劉協是漢光武帝劉秀的第八代玄孫 [MSC, trad.]
  汉献帝刘协是汉光武帝刘秀的第八代玄孙 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2004: 侯健美 (Hou Jianmei), 当事专家详解：为什么说张飞和曹操的亲戚关系
  Hàn Xiàndì Liú Xié shì Hàn Guāngwǔdì Liú Xiù de dì bā dài xuánsūn [Pinyin]
  Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han, was the eighth generation descendant of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 玄孫 (“great-great-grandson”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		玄孫
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	耷拉孫子, 耷拉孫兒
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	玄孫
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	重重孫子
Central Plains Mandarin	Xuzhou	灰孫兒, 灰孫
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	末末兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	帥孫子, 灰孫子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	嘜
	Hong Kong	嘜
	Dongguan	嘜
Gan	Nanchang	玄孫
Hakka	Meixian	息嫲仔, 玄孫
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	玄孫
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	玄孫
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	玄孫
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	跳蚤, 玄孫
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	玄孫
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	玄孫
Huizhou	Jixi	玄孫
Jin	Xinzhou	累孫
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	元孫
Southern Min	Xiamen	油柑孫
	Quanzhou	油柑孫
	Zhangzhou	橄欖孫孫
	Shantou	玄孫
	Leizhou	實
Wu	Shanghai	玄孫
	Hangzhou	玄孫
	Jinhua	玄玄孫

Dialectal synonyms of 曾孫 (“great-grandson; great-grandchild”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		曾孫, 曾孫子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	曾孫兒
	Taiwan	曾孫
	Harbin	重孫子, 重孫兒
	Singapore	曾孫
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	重孫, 重孫子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	重孫子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	重孫子
	Wanrong	重孫
	Xi'an	重孫
	Xining	重孫子
	Xuzhou	重孫兒, 重孫, 曾孫兒, 曾孫, 四世孫兒, 四世孫
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	重孫子
	Lanzhou	重孫, 男重孫 †
	Ürümqi	重孫子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	灰灰兒
	Wuhan	重孫子, 重孫
	Guiyang	重孫孫, 重孫
	Guilin	重孫子
	Liuzhou	息子, 息, 重孫, 息崽 †
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	重重, 重孫 †
	Yangzhou	重孫子
	Nantong	重孫兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	息
	Hong Kong	息
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	息
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	息
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	息
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	息
	Macau	息
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	息
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	息
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	息
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	息
	Foshan	息
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	息
	Foshan (Shunde)	嘞
	Foshan (Sanshui)	息
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	息
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	息
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	息
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	息
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	息
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	息
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	息
	Taishan	息
	Kaiping (Chikan)	息
	Enping (Niujiang)	息
	Heshan (Yayao)	息
	Dongguan	息
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	息
	Qingyuan	息, 息仔
	Fogang	息
	Yingde (Hanguang)	息仔
	Yangshan	息
	Lianshan (Butian)	息
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	息
	Shaoguan	息
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	息
	Renhua	息仔
	Lechang	息仔
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	息仔
	Sihui	息
	Guangning	息
	Deqing	息
	Huaiji	息
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	息
	Yunfu	息仔
	Xinxing	息
	Luoding	息
	Yunan (Pingtai)	息
	Xinyi	息
	Lianjiang	息, 息仔
	Nanning	息, 息仔
	Wuzhou	息
	Yulin	息
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	曾孫
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	息
	Singapore (Guangfu)	息
Gan	Nanchang	曾孫子, 曾孫
	Lichuan	曾孫崽, 曾孫
	Pingxiang	曾孫
Hakka	Meixian	息仔
	Xingning	息哩
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	阿息
	Huidong (Daling)	息仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	息仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	息孫
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	息子
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	息哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	息哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	息哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	息哩
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	阿息
	Wengyuan	息子
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	息子
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	息仔
	Liannan	息子
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	息
	Jiexi	息
	Luhe	息仔
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	重孫
	Changting	息嫲哩
	Wuping	息嫲子
	Wuping (Yanqian)	息子
	Wuping (Pingyu)	息子
	Liancheng	息哩
	Ninghua	息孫
	Yudu	曾孫, 息孫
	Ningdu	重孫
	Ruijin	曾孫
	Shicheng	玄孫
	Tonggu (Sandu)	曾孫
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	曾孫
	Dayu	曾孫
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	息仔, 息嫲
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	息仔, 息嫲
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	息仔, 息嫲
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	息, 息嫲
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	息仔, 息嫲
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	曾孫, 玄孫
	Hong Kong	息
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	息
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	息仔
	Xinyi (Sihe)	息
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	息
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	倈
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	息
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	息
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	息子
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	孫息, 息子
	Mengshan (Xihe)	息孫
	Luchuan	曾孫
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	重孫
	Sabah (Longchuan)	息仔
	Senai (Huiyang)	息
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	孫息
	Singkawang	息孫
Huizhou	Jixi	重孫
Jin	Taiyuan	重孫子
Jin	Xinzhou	重孫
Northern Min	Jian'ou	息仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	曾孫
Southern Min	Xiamen	橄欖孫
	Quanzhou	橄欖孫
	Jinjiang	橄欖孫
	Zhangzhou	橄欖孫
	Taipei	橄欖孫
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	橄欖孫
	Kaohsiung	橄欖孫
	Yilan	橄欖孫
	Changhua (Lukang)	橄欖孫
	Taichung	橄欖孫
	Taichung (Wuqi)	橄欖孫
	Tainan	橄欖孫
	Taitung	橄欖孫
	Hsinchu	橄欖孫
	Kinmen	橄欖孫
	Penghu (Magong)	橄欖孫
	Penang (Hokkien)	橄欖孫
	Manila (Hokkien)	橄欖孫
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	息仔
	Shantou	重孫
	Bangkok (Teochew)	重孫
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	橄欖孫
	Leizhou	息
	Haikou	息, 妰𡝃息 †
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	息
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	孫息, 息仔, 重孫仔
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	重孫子
Wu	Shanghai	曾孫, 玄孫
	Shanghai (Chongming)	玄孫
	Suzhou	玄孫
	Danyang	重孫
	Hangzhou	重孫
	Ningbo	重孫
	Wenzhou	玄孫
	Jinhua	玄孫
Xiang	Changsha	曾孫子
	Loudi	曾孫
	Quanzhou	重孫, 息崽
Note	† - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term

Antonyms

高祖 (gāozǔ)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
玄	孫
やしゃ Grade: S	こ > ご Grade: 4
irregular	kun'yomi

Shift from yashiwago.^[1]^[2]^[3] Compare a similar contraction process in そりゃ (sorya) from それは (sore wa).

First attested in 1614.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) やしゃご [yàshágó] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [ja̠ɕa̠ɡo̞]

Noun

玄(やしゃ)孫(ご) • (yashago)

[from 1614] a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild, the grandchild of a grandchild

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
玄	孫
やしわ Grade: S	こ > ご Grade: 4
irregular	kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.^[1]

Compound of やしわ (yashiwa, from ancient yasipa, of uncertain meaning, possibly “great-grandchild”?) +‎ 子 (ko, “child”).^[1]^[3]^[5]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ja̠ɕiβ̞a̠ɡo̞]

Noun

玄(やしわ)孫(ご) • (yashiwago) ^{←やしはご (yasifago)^?}

[from 720] (archaic, possibly dialect) a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild, the grandchild of a grandchild

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
玄	孫
げん Grade: S	そん Grade: 4
goon	on'yomi

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 玄孫 (MC hwen swon).

First attested in Japanese in a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 701.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) げんそん [gèńsóń] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃sõ̞ɴ]

Noun

玄(げん)孫(そん) • (genson)

[from 701] a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild, the grandchild of a grandchild

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“〈玄孫〉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJS-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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