礪

See also: 砺

Translingual

Han character

礪 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口一廿月 (MRMTB), four-corner 1162₇, composition ⿰石厲)

1. whetstone
2. sharpen

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24571
• Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 5
• Unihan data for U+792A

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Chinese

trad.		礪
simp.		砺

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 礪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
糲	*m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd
犡	*m·raːds, *m·rads
噧	*hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd
邁	*mraːds
勱	*mraːds
蠆	*m̥ʰraːds
厲	*m·rads
勵	*m·rads
礪	*m·rads
蠣	*m·rads
蠇	*m·rads
癘	*m·rads
濿	*m·rads
櫔	*m·rads
巁	*m·rads
贎	*m·rads, *mlans
萬	*mlans

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lai⁶
    • Yale: laih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: ljejH

Rime
Character	礪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力制切
Baxter	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liajH/
Li Rong	/liɛiH/
Wang Li	/lĭɛiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]at-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*m·rads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	礪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ ljejH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]at-s/
English	grindstone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礪
Reading #	1/1
No.	12623
Phonetic component	萬
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	例
Old Chinese	/*m·rads/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 礪

1. ^† whetstone

   • 金就礪則利。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     金就砺则利。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Jīn jiù lì zé lì. [Pinyin]

     [M]etal that has been put to the whetstone will be sharp. (translation by John Knoblock)

2. ^† to whet; to sharpen

   磨礪／磨砺  ―  mólì  ―  to steel oneself; to harden oneself; to discipline oneself

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Japanese

Kanji

礪

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 砺)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): れい (rei)
• Kun: あらと (arato), みがく (migaku), と (to)
• Nanori: と (to)

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Korean

Hanja

礪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.