社

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

社 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈火土 (IFG), four-corner 3421₀, composition ⿰礻土)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 839, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24631
• Dae Jaweon: page 1257, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2386, character 7
• Unihan data for U+793E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		社
alternative forms		䄕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 社
Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
社	*ɦljaːʔ
肚	*ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土	*l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐	*l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏	*l̥ʰaːʔ
杜	*l'aːʔ
靯	*l'aːʔ
荰	*l'aːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljaːʔ) : semantic 示 (“show”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ, “earth”)

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 社

1. god of the soil
2. altars to the god of the soil
3. group of families
4. company; society

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (社):

• → Japanese: 社(しゃ) (sha)
• → Korean: 사(社) (sa)
• → Vietnamese: xã (社)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	社
Kyūjitai	社

Kanji

社

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じゃ (ja)
• Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)
• Kun: やしろ (yashiro, 社, Jōyō); くみあい (kumiai); こそ (koso)

Compounds

• 社(しゃ)員(いん) (shain)
• 社(しゃ)会(かい) (shakai)
• 社(しゃ)交(こう) (shakō)
• 社(しゃ)寺(じ) (shaji)
• 社(しゃ)稷(しょく) (shashoku)
• 社(しゃ)団(だん) (shadan)

• 社(しゃ)長(ちょう) (shachō)
• 副(ふく)社(しゃ)長(ちょう) (fukushachō)
• 愛(あい)社(しゃ)精(せい)神(しん) (aishaseishin)
• 会(かい)社(しゃ) (kaisha)
• 会(かい)社(しゃ)員(いん) (kaishain)
• 支(し)社(しゃ) (shisha)

• 神(じん)社(じゃ) (jinja)
• 入(にゅう)社(しゃ) (nyūsha)
• 退(たい)社(しゃ) (taisha)
• 本(ほん)社(しゃ) (honsha)
• 末(まっ)社(しゃ) (massha)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 社 (dzyæX, “god of earth; place for worshiping the god of earth”)

Noun

社(やしろ) • (yashiro) 

1. shrine

Suffix

社(しゃ) • (-sha) 

1. Abbreviation of 会社 (かいしゃ kaisha) "company."; co.
   • 毎日新聞社

     まいにちしんぶんしゃ

     Mainichi Shimbun-sha

     The Mainichi Newspapers [Company]

2. When in parentheses, an abbreviation of 社団法人 (しゃだんほうじん shadan hōjin), a type of incorporated association.

Coordinate terms

• 株(かぶ) (kabu): inc.
• 有(ゆう) (yū): Ltd.

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Korean

Hanja

社 • (sa) (hangeul 사)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 社 (xã)

1. rural commune (administrative subdivision of Vietnam)

Compounds

• 市社 (thị xã)