級

See also: 级

Translingual

Traditional	級
Simplified	级
Japanese	級
Korean	級

Alternative forms

• In modern Chinese scripts, the radical component on the left is written 糹 (three dots below 幺).
• In Japanese kanji and Korean hanja, the radical component on the left is written 糸 (小 below 幺 but the middle stroke of 小 is written with a 丨 vertical stroke without bottom hook), which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
• In traditional Chinese and Korean hanja, the 及 component on the right contains 又, which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
• In mainland China (for the traditional form based on Xin Zixing ((deprecated template usage) 新字形)), Japanese kanji and Vietnamese Nôm, the 及 component on the right does not contain 又 and is written in 3 strokes (丿 followed by ⿱乛乛 and ㇏).

Han character

級 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 糸+3 in mainland China and Japanese, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 女火弓竹水 (VFNHE), four-corner 2794₇, composition ⿰糹及(GHTV) or ⿰糸及(JK))

Derived characters

• 𠺻, 𢲩(𫼾)

Related characters

• 级 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27294
• Dae Jaweon: page 1348, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3366, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7D1A

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Chinese

trad.		級
simp.		级

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 級
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (及) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
趿	*sqʰɯːb
鈒	*sqʰɯːb, *sqʰrɯb
靸	*sqʰɯːb, *sqʰaːb
馺	*sqʰɯːb
砐	*ŋɡɯːb
魥	*ŋɡɯːb, *kʰab
扱	*skʰrɯːb
笈	*skʰrɯːb, *ɡrab, *ɡab, *ɡrɯb
衱	*ɡrab, *kab
极	*ɡrab, *ɡab
昅	*ɡab
雭	*sqʰrɯb
急	*krɯb
級	*krɯb
汲	*krɯb
芨	*krɯb
伋	*krɯb
彶	*krɯb
及	*ɡrɯb
岌	*ŋɡrɯb
吸	*qʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯb) : semantic 糹 (“thread”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jí (ji²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kap¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kip / khip

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kib⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jí
    • Wade–Giles: chi²
    • Yale: jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kap¹
    • Yale: kāp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kap⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: keb¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐp̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kip
    • Tâi-lô: kip
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kib
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kip̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kip̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khip
    • Tâi-lô: khip
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qib
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰip̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kib⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khip
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰip̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: kip

Rime
Character	級
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	緝 (142)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居立切
Baxter	kip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjip̚/
Li Rong	/kjəp̚/
Wang Li	/kĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gap1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	級
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ kip ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)əp/
English	degree, grade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	級
Reading #	1/1
No.	5659
Phonetic component	及
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	急
Old Chinese	/*krɯb/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 級

1. level; rank; class
2. grade
3. ^† Classifier for human heads.

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

級

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)
• Kun: しな (shina, 級)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
級
きゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

kipu → kiɸu → *kiwu → kiu → kyuː.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kjuː]

Noun

級(きゅう) • (kyū) ^{←きふ (kifu)?}

1. rank
2. (school) a class

Derived terms

• 下級(かきゅう) (kakyū)
• 上級(じょうきゅう) (jōkyū)
• 最上級(さいじょうきゅう) (saijōkyū)
• 収束級数(しゅうそくきゅうすう) (shūsokukyūsū)
• 同級生(どうきゅうせい) (dōkyūsei)
• 比較級(ひかくきゅう) (hikakukyū)
• 無限級数(むげんきゅうすう) (mugenkyūsū)
• 等差級数(とうさきゅうすう) (tōsakyūsū)
• 等比級数(とうひきゅうすう) (tōhikyūsū)
• 等級(とうきゅう) (tōkyū)
• 級数(きゅうすう) (kyūsū)
• 調和級数(ちょうわきゅうすう) (chōwakyūsū)
• 進級(しんきゅう) (shinkyū)
• 階級(かいきゅう) (kaikyū)
• 高級(こうきゅう) (kōkyū)

 

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Korean

Hanja

級 • (geup)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 급 (revised: geup, McCune–Reischauer: kŭp, Yale: kup)
  • Name (hangeul): 등급
    (revised: deunggeup, McCune–Reischauer: dŭnggŭp)

1. level; grade

Compounds

• 等級 (등급)
• 首級 (수급)
• 一級 (일급)
• 梯級 (제급)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 級 (cấp, cóp, khớp, cụp)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation